BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 8‚ September 2013 KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS: HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING F. GREGORY GAUSE‚ III Brookings The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality‚ independent research and‚ based on that research‚ to provide innovative‚ practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely
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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts The North African Campaign • Rommel takes Tobruk‚ June 1942; pushes toward Egypt • British General Montgomery attacks at El Alamein‚ forces Rommel back • American forces land in Morocco‚ November 1942 • General Dwight D. Eisenhower—American commander in Morocco • In May 1943‚ Rommel’s forces defeated by Allies Continued The Tide Turns on Two Fronts The Battle for Stalingrad • German army moves to capture Soviet oil fields • Battle of Stalingrad—Soviets‚ Germans
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Mansa Musa Mansa Musa is mostly remembered for his extravagant hajj‚ or pilgrimage‚ to Mecca with‚ according to the Arab historian al-Umari‚ 100 camel-loads of gold‚ each weighing 300 lbs.; 500 slaves‚ each carrying a 4 lb. gold staff; thousands of his subjects; as well as his senior wife‚ with her 500 attendants. With his lavish spending and generosity in Cairo and Mecca‚ he ran out of money and had to borrow at usurious rates of interest for the return trip. Al-Umari also states that Mansa
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the Great Powers brought attention to differences between them and rejuvenated hostility between the powers. The crises included the Moroccan crisis which involved Kaiser Wilhelm II denouncing French influence while visiting the part of Tangier in Morocco. Edward VII said this about the German actions‚ “the most mischievous and uncalled for event which the German emperor has been engaged in since he came to the
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The north african campaign also know as the Desert War took place in the early 1940’s during world war II. “The North African campaign had three phases: the Western desert campaign (western Egypt and eastern Libya); Operation Torch(Algeria and Morocco); and the Tunisia campaign”. After the defeat of France and the withdrawal of British forces at Dunkirk‚ the center of warfare soon came to be north africa between the axis and allied forces america wasnt involved in the desert war physically but materilistic
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ourselves in France doing the waltz. On the island of Rarotonga among the Cook Islands‚ the men would be flapping their legs in and out while the women would be moving their hips side to side to the beat. We could travel to North Africa to the country of Morocco where we would see woman embraced by clothing‚ revealing nothing to the general public except for their eyes. We would find the men partaking in dances that involved items such as rifles‚ daggers‚ and swords. The idea of women and men danced together
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popular place to escape to was America. Far from the battles of the war‚ still viewed as the land of equality and opportunity. It was nearly impossible to escape to America straight from the countries of Europe‚ so people would make their way to Morocco and obtain an exit visa. The exit visas let them travel to Lisbon‚ which was a safe place that they could get to America from. Getting those exit visas wasn’t an easy task‚ and they were nearly priceless to a refugee living in Casablanca at the time
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involved‚ which is one of the reasons Germany ended up declaring war. In 1906 the First Moroccan Crisis took place. This was when France wanted to conquer Morocco and Britain agreed to help them‚ since they had agreed when they joined the Entente Cordiale to help France. However Kaiser Wilhelm‚ the German leader‚ suddenly decided to protect Morocco from anyone who threatened or attacked them. Making an enemy of Britain and France. Only four years after the first Moroccan crisis‚ the second Moroccan
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The Impact of Global Economic Crisis in the Middle East Impact of Global Economic Crisis in Middle East Page 1 Table of Contents Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 Background .............................................................
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To what extent did the Sarajevo Assassination cause the outbreak of World War I? The Sarajevo incident that occurred in 1914 served as the direct cause of the WWI. It was an unprecedented attack on the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne‚ the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife‚ who were being shot by Gavrilo Princip‚ a Bosnian Serb extremist; during Ferdinand’s visit to Sarajevo‚ Princip was caught on the scene. A chain of events ensued after the incident. When Germany provided the “Blank
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