“To what extent did Willy Brandt’s ‘Ostpolitik’ change relations between East and West Germany?” The split between East and West Germany after World War Two resulted in a tumultuous and tense period of German history. Germans saw the construction of the Berlin Wall‚ economic boom in the West‚ dictatorship in the East and in this time the two zones became almost irreversibly divided. Soviet influence in the Eastern zone coupled with US control in the West meant a delicate state of affairs between
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III – Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025? This article updates an article published in our March 2007 UK Economic Outlook1 giving estimates for 2005 and projections to 2020 of the size of the largest 100 city economies in the world. The updated analysis and illustrative projections of GDP for different cities show how the GDP rankings of cities might change by 2025 taking into account the impact of the current economic downturn and the
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1 "Ostpolitik as a source of intra-bloc tensions" by Dr. Oliver Bange‚ Mannheim University (Project "Ostpolitik and Détente") [Ostpolitik caused friction on a number of different levels – it sparked tensions within Willy Brand’s party‚ the SPD‚ parliament‚ the coalition cabinet‚ tensions with the Western allies‚ and even within the Eastern bloc. It is the latter two that this paper is devoted‚ arranging documents from various national archives around nine distinct but interconnected arguments
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The Marshall Plan was America’s principal plan for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the allied countries of Europe‚ and repelling communism after WWII. The Marshall Plan became a four year program that would cost the American people approximately $13 billion dollars before it ended in 1952. Although it’s impact on the Western countries was a promising one‚ its impact on the relationship between the two former allies the Unities States and the Soviet Union would mark an important
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Knudsen 1 St. Basil’s Cathedral As legend has it‚ the builders of St. Basil’s Cathedral were blinded by the command of Ivan the Terrible‚ so they could never create a building greater. There is still the question if St. Basil’s is actually the most beautiful cathedral made in its time. Comparing it to the beautiful Pisa Cathedral and Assumption Cathedral‚ which were made around the same time‚ one could find it hard to decide which is the most artistic. Looking at the materials‚ art‚ and icons
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Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919‚ which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century‚ influencing major trends such as Bauhaus and De Stijl movement. Its influence was pervasive‚ with major impacts upon architecture‚ graphic and industrial design‚ theatre‚ film‚ dance‚ fashion and
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NOTES on Death of a Salesman (1949) by Arthur Miller (1915-2005) ***** GENRE: Example of modern tragedy and “selective realism” Refer to your study guide for the quote from Arthur Miller’s “Tragedy and the Common Man” Selective Realism: refer to your text‚ and consider the notes following the brief remarks on the play below…. ***** Notes on the play‚ with comparisons to others this semester. (feel free to disagree or elaborate): PLOT: Willy Loman loses his job‚ regains a relationship with
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jump to any predetermined actions but instead thought ahead and devised a plan to lure Napoleons troops away from their resources and introduced their secret weapon the Russian winter. “Welcoming new information”‚ Kutuzov knew that Napoleon wanted Moscow and he welcomed it. Using the pressing behavior of Napoleon‚ he was able to adjust and formulate a plan once Napoleon made it to the capital. Not knowing how his attacker would react to the city being in shambles‚ Kutuzov had to digest new information
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Were the five-year plans successful? When Joseph Stalin took control of Russia in 1928‚ he saw that Russia was very industrially behind and with the World War II looming‚ the Soviet Union had no choice but to industrialise at the speed of light. Quoting from a speech he gave in 1931‚ he said: "The history of old Russia has consisted being beaten again and again because of our backwardness. It is our duty to the working class to increase the pace of production. We are 50 to 100 years behind the
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