A reference group is any person or group that serves as a point of comparison (or reference) for an individual in forming either general or specific values‚ attitudes‚ or a specific guide for behavior. They help us understand the impact of other people on an individual’s consumption beliefs‚ attitudes‚ and behavior. It helps marketers choose their methodology to affect desired changes in consumer behavior. From a marketing perspective‚ reference groups are groups that serve as frames of reference
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Fluoride Fluoride is a mineral that occurs naturally in almost all foods and water supplies. The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine. Fluorine‚ the 13th most abundant element in the earth’s crust‚ is never encountered in its free state in nature. It exists only in combination with other elements as a fluoride compound. Fluoride is effective in preventing and reversing the early signs of tooth decay. Researchers have shown that there are several ways through which fluoride achieves its decay-preventive
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Brodoski 1 Laura Brodoski English 102 Ms. Vatcher‚ MA 1 October 2002 Why Periodontal Disease Should be a Concern to All. Periodontal disease is more commonly known as gum disease or gingivitis. This infection is serious enough‚ that it can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. This chronic infection starts around the tooth and it affects the supporting bone and gums. Periodontal disease can affect anywhere from one tooth to all thirty-two teeth. The disease pathology starts with the plaque
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How to Maintain Proper Oral Hygiene April 14‚ 2013 Keeping up with dental hygiene is important to maintain a healthy mouth. In order to keep your teeth healthy and clean‚ you must follow a specific routine at least once a day. Brushing and flossing every day can prevent gum disease‚ tooth decay‚ and remove any bacteria left on your teeth after eating. Although it seems like such an easy task‚ there are many different variables. Proper brushing takes at least two minutes and should be done
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With the radio‚ Americans could finally hear the president’s voice‚ the roaring of the crowds at the World Series baseball games‚ and the greatest musicians. In the rural areas‚ radios were powered by battery and sometimes by windmills. The “National Farm and Home Hour”‚ which was forty-five minutes of music‚ crop and weather forecasts‚ and information on soil improvements‚ debuted on National Broadcasting Company in 1928. In 1923‚ a farmer from Missouri said‚ “We hillbillies out in the sticks look
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Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Table 1: Water Observations (Smell‚ Color‚ Etc.) Beaker Observations 1 Clear no smell 2 Oil was on top and did not mix with water and it had a slight smell 3 A slight haze look to water with strong smell of vinegar 4 Water turned cloudy with bubbles on top and was the hardest to see through 5 100 ml of water filtered through 60 ml soil resulted in slight brown soil colored water 6 100 ml water
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considered her local Walmart superstore her one-stop shopping destination. But during recent visits‚ the retired accountant from Newark‚ Del.‚ says she failed to find more than a dozen items‚ including certain types of face cream‚ cold medicine‚ mouthwash‚ bandages‚ and hangers. Walmart’s loss was a gain for Kohl’s (KSS)‚ Safeway (SWY)‚ Target (TGT)‚ and Walgreens (WAG)—the chains Hancock visited for the unavailable items. “If it’s not on the shelf‚ I can’t buy it‚” she explains. “You hate to see
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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Chapter 5 – Gastrointestinal Agents • Inorganic agents used to treat gastrointestinal disorders includes: 1. Products for altering gastric pH 2. Protectives for intestinal inflammation 3. Adsorbents for intestinal toxins 4. Cathartics of laxatives for constipation ANTACIDS o neutralize excess hydrochloric acid o inactivate the proteolytic enzyme‚ pepsin o alkaline bases Results of Hyperacidity: o Gastritis – inflammation of the gastric mucosa o Peptic ulcer
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was positioned as a youth oral care brand from the very beginning. In 2004‚ the brand was re-launched with a publicity blitz that communicated virtues of a ‘Vitamin Fluoride system’ present in the product -- a powerful mix of vitamins‚ fluoride‚ mouthwash and micro-whiteners‚ for fresher breath and stronger‚ whiter teeth. Targeting MARKETING MIX PRODUCT Close Up falls under the umbrella brand HUL – Hindustan Unilever Limited. The level of product may be discussed as below: Core benefit:
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PFIZER ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Pfizer is the largest American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It competes with Merck and Glaxo‚ and markets such well-known medications as Celebrex and Viagra. However‚ the pharmaceutical industry as a whole has undergone changes in recent years with significant consolidation taking place and with increased scrutiny regarding the ways in which drugs are developed‚ tested and marketed. In addition‚ recent controversies
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