End of the Soviet Union The coup attempt sparked anger against the Communist Party. Gorbachev resigned as general secretary of the party. The Soviet parliament voted to stop all party activities. Having first seized power in 1917 in a coup that succeeded‚ the Communist Party now collapsed because of a coup that failed. The coup also played a decisive role in accelerating the breakup of the Soviet Union. Estonia and Latvia quickly declared their independence. Other republics soon followed. Although
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Welfare activities by the Trade Unions The Indian Trade Union movement‚ in general‚ has so far neither the will nor the ability to undertake the welfare work. The biggest limitations in the case of trade union is of course lack of funds. One of the oldest worker’s organization of the country i.e Textile Labour Association‚ Ahmedabad has organized a number of social and welfare activities for the benefits of its members. The main activities of trade unions is to ensure adequate wages‚ secure
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National Unions‚ collaborations of trade unions created to be even more effective than the local unions. The National Labor Union in 1866 managed to establish an eight hour work day in 1868 for federal employees. However‚ it fell apart in 1873 and an economic depression swept across the nation. The first large national labor organization to become popular was the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor. It was founded in 1869 by garment workers in Philadelphia who believed that one union of skilled
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The European Union The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political union of 7 member states which are located primarily in Europe. Its capital is Brussels. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community‚ formed by the Inner Six countries‚ which were France‚ Italy‚ West Germany‚ Luxembourg‚ Belgium and the Netherlands‚ in 1951 and 1958 respectively. In the intervening years the community and its successors have grown size by
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< Labor Unions: Were They Justified? > In the late 19th-century‚ a new theory in the field of business and production was emerging. Most commonly known as ‘Social Darwinism’‚ it was a parodical twist of the Darwin theory of natural selection‚ or the ‘survival of the fittest.’ The corruption and the dark sides of business were accepted as a natural process‚ and was not questioned or intervened. In a full-fledged Industrial Age‚ the average American citizen had to try his best to rise from his
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progressive realization of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It mandated a committee chaired by Jacques Delors‚ the then President of the European Commission‚ to study and propose concrete stages leading to this union. Economic and monetary union evolved in three discrete but evolutionary steps. First step - On the basis of the Delors Report‚ the European Council decided in June 1989 that the first stage of the realisation of economic and monetary union should begin on 1 July 1990. On this date‚ in
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Labor unions are organized association of workers. They were first formed to protect and further their rights and interests. Labor unions were first organized in 1842 in Commonwealth v. Hunt‚ the Massachusetts Supreme Court states that labor unions are not illegal conspiracies. Labor unions usually indicate a stress or stain in the economy. Today centers on collective bargaining over wages ‚ benefits‚ and working condition for the members. Some pros of Labor unions is that it increases your pay
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INTRODUCTION 1. The aim of the study is to find whether the grievance handling mechanism ensures that employee’s problems are recognized and appropriately reviewed in a prompt and timely manner. 2. The grievance mechanism acts as a foundation for a harmonious and healthy relationship between employee and employer. 3. The grievance mechanism ensures a fair and just treatment of employee’s concerns and prompt resolution of grievances without discrimination‚ coercion‚ restraint or reprisal
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A union is an organized group of workers who are dedicated to protecting members’ interests‚ negotiating with businesses and corporations on their behalves‚ to improve their wages‚ working conditions and hours. Trade Unions ensure that workers receive fair treatment‚ protection and various other benefits in the workplace. These include‚ - but are not limited to- social security payment‚ overtime pay and minimum wage. Its role is not only confined to protecting employees‚ but also stabilizing economic
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“Black labour unions in south Africa are of great value to policy makers who recognize that the industrial work force has often served as a catalyst for political progress and social change in the developing world. It was not uncommon for leaders of the independence movements to have come out of the ranks of organized labor‚ the trade unions were training grounds and early vehicles of political expression as they were often the only form of organized activity permitted by the colonial authorities
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