Line organization is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization‚ the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this organization as scalar organization which means scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this type of administrative organization. In this type of organization‚ the line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps
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PLANNING A PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY IN A SMALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY The object of this assignment is to produce a two year plan to implement a programme of integrated performance improvement activities in a small manufacturing company that employs about 30 people. Metal components are manufactured‚ and the factory is arranged around five machines in three cells according to small‚ medium and large components. Heat treatment and grinding and the other major operations‚ as well as secondary
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Software crisis is a term used in the early days of software engineering. The term was used to describe the impact of rapid increases in computer power and the complexity of the problems which could be tackled. This was with regards to the difficulty in writing correct‚ understandable and verifiable_ computer programs_. VERIFIABLE:-With regards to hardware and software systems‚ a formal verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of intended algorithms underlying a system
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE- is all the computer software that causes a computer to perform useful tasks (compare with computer viruses) beyond the running of the computer itself. A. Programming Language-is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine‚ particularly computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely. Definition of programming language * The description of a programming
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Software Testing Carnegie Mellon University 18-849b Dependable Embedded Systems Spring 1999 Authors: Jiantao Pan mailto:%20jpan@cmu.edu Abstract: Software testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. [Hetzel88] Although crucial to software quality and widely deployed by programmers and testers‚ software testing still remains an art‚ due to limited understanding of the principles of software
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Running head: PRODUCT & PRODUCT MARKETING Rochelle Russell Unit 2 Individual Product Products & Product Marketing MGMT422-1103A-09 Triangle Solutions Product There are several people that love to take pictures of their families or special events and put them in scrapbooks. The new product that I am proposing is a photo paper that already has a background scene on it and individuals can still print their picture on top of it to make it look even more special. Mostly everyone
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1 INTRODUCTION 1 Goals The tutorial is intended to provide information on agents and agent technology to educate more of the software development and CHI community on the impact and nature of current Agent technology. By providing a reasonable backdrop for agents‚ this tutorial hopes to allow the student to pursue additional reading material with a more objective eye for that which is real and that which is hyperbole (hysteria?). 2 Objectives The tutorial student should leave with
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application development as an aspect of ICT there has been a huge improvement in the availability and portability of applications in our day to day business transactions. Mobile application development is the course of action by which application software is designed and developed for hand-held devices like mobile phones‚ personal digital assistants‚ etc. With regard to the Agricultural sector most
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Abstract Line extensions occur when a company introduces additional items with changes in flavors‚ sizes‚ and different ingredients in the same product category under the same name brand. Line extensions are a way to increase market share by introducing additional items in the same category from the already reputable brand name. The paper examines the target populations‚ the purpose for seeking line extensions‚ the appropriate timing of launching a brand extension‚ and the success and failures of
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THE MANAGEMENT PLANNING FUNCTION Planning - is determining what needs to be done‚ when‚ by whom‚ how‚ and within what cost in order to achieve an objective. It is the work that a manager performs to predetermine a course of action. * Provides the means for achieving a purpose‚ makes the best use of resources‚ makes a manager’s work easier‚ encourages teamwork‚ and forms a base for control. It is based on assumptions‚ involves change
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