| Lithosphere | Ecology (NASC 1093) | | The Lithosphere * The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth‚ consisting of the crust and the topmost part of the upper mantle. * It is a relatively thin layer‚ about 31 to 62 miles (50 to 100 km) thick under the oceans and 93 miles (150 km) thick on the continents. * It contains the minerals‚ rocks and soils that humans have used for building materials‚ metals and agriculture. * This layer is composed of the upper crust‚ about 3 miles
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The Earth’s structure The crust is the surface of the earth; it is a rock layer forming the upper part of the lithosphere. The lithosphere is split into tectonic plates. The plates move slowly on a layer called the asthenosphere. Meteorites can tell us what the earth is like-these are rock and metal fragments which fall to earth from space. We know the earth’s core is hot through hot spring geezers and volcano lava. 2 types of crust OCEANIC CRUST: it is found under the oceans; it’s thin and
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first though up by a man named Albert Wegener in 1912 but the idea of moving continents was not taking seriously until the 1960. This study is called plate tectonics‚ and it helps explain the continental drift‚ the spreading of the seafloor‚ why volcanoes erupt and how mountains are formed. The mountain range that runs from the northern tip of Alaska to the southern tip of South America were formed by the buckling of crustal rocks that crash into the edge of North and South America. The land folds
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the coast of the Hawaii Island. It is 969 meters below the sea surface and 3‚500 meters above the ocean floor. 17. This new island is forming because the Pacific Plate is moving in a northwest direction‚ and as it moves toward the “hot spot”‚ new volcanoes will form‚ which makes Loihi the “new” volcano. 18. In Hawaiian‚ Loihi means long‚ which also describes the shape of this new island being long. It has two curving rift zones in both the north and the south summit‚ and has a caldera that is about
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INTRODUCTION: The Ring of fire (figure 1) is a horse shoe shaped fault line. This fault line is prone to Earth quakes and volcanic eruptions. The ring of fire Is home to 452 volcanoes and 75% of the worlds dormant and active volcanoes live on the Ring. PLATE TECTONICS Plate tectonics is a theory that the earth is split up in to different areas of the world. They glide on the mantle of the earth the plates act like a hard ridged shell (fig 2 plate tectonics) Some of the plate tectonics move very
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“Discuss the Extent to which volcanic and seismic activity are evidence for plate tectonic theory” (40) Plate tectonics is the theory that explains the structure and motion of the Earth’s lithosphere. The theory states that the Earth’s crust is split into large sections called tectonic plates‚ and these move relative to one another creating boundaries at which plates converge‚ diverge and move past each other. Alfred Wegener pioneered the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s which he supported
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generated by radioactive decay in the core. This movement of the plates and the Earth’s inner activity is called plate tectonics and can cause seismic and volcanic activity. However‚ earthquakes and volcanoes also occur within the plates rather than their edges‚ an example of which is the Hawaiian volcanoes that occur above a stationary hot spot beneath the Pacific plate. In the late 1960s the theory of plate tectonics was developed by Alfred Wegener and provides an explanation for the Earths tectonic
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Congo lays Nyiragongo. Nyiragongo‚ one of the world’s most active volcanoes‚ is classified as a stratovolcano. It is composed of alternate layers of lava and ash. A group of scientists repelled into the crater to get a better examination and understanding of the volcano. Their intentions in examining it were to determine‚ or at least attempt to determine‚ when the next eruption could occur. Nyiragongo is one of the deadliest volcanoes on earth‚ and in the past few decades‚ has wreaked havoc on the
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This is because of a huge underwater volcano. It was caused by volcanic magma erupting from the sea floor in the construction plate‚ the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland has the greatest concentrations of volcanoes in the world. It has 130 volcanic mountains. Some of them are greater and more famous than the others. Most of them are situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge but some of them are on the fracture zones (Zones caused by pressure of the plates and are
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What is a disaster? Disaster‚ in this article‚ a sudden‚ accidental event that causes many deaths and injuries. Most disasters also result in significant property damage. Common natural causes of disasters include earthquakes‚ floods‚ hurricanes and typhoons‚ and tornadoes. Tsunamis (popularly‚ but incorrectly‚ known as tidal waves)‚ volcanic eruptions‚ wildfires‚ and landslides and avalanches rank among the other natural forces that sometimes create disasters. Man made Not all disasters are
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