goals of this experiment are to determine if the products derived from amide synthesis and Williamson Ether Synthesis are identical‚ and if one of the synthetic routes is more advantageous than the other. In Part 1‚ an attempt to synthesize acteophenetidin crystals by amide synthesis was made. We began by removing the colored impurities from the p-Phenetidine (reddish-brown) by placing 2g of the sample in 38 mL of hydrochloric acid and heating the solution to boiling point. Upon reaching just below
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An Unknown Amino Acid From Titration Abstract Experiment 11 used a titration curve to determine the identity of an unknown amino acid. The initial pH of the solution was 1.96‚ and the pKa’s found experimentally were 2.0‚ 4.0‚ and 9.85. The accepted pKa values were found to be 2.10‚ 4.07‚ and 9.47. The molecular weight was calculated to be 176.3 while the accepted value was found to be 183.5. The identity of the unknown amino acid was established to be glutamic acid‚ hydrochloride. Introduction
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Experiment #5: Esterification of Methyl Benzoate from Benzoic Acid October 28‚ 2010 Abstract: This experiment was conducted to synthesize methyl benzoate from benzoic acid and methanol by using the Fischer esterification method. Methanol (12.5ml) and Benzoic acid (4.9 grams) are heated together in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.5ml) until equilibrium is achieved. A reflux apparatus is set up for 1 hour to carry out the reaction at the boiling point of the solvent (Methanol
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1. Citric Acid * Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the molecular formula C6H8O7‚ which means a molecule of the acid contains six carbon atoms‚ eight hydrogen atoms‚ and seven oxygen atoms. When it is dissolved in water‚ it partially ionizes to yield three H+ ions (hydrogen atoms which are missing their electron) and a C6H5O7(3-) ion (the 3- means that it has three extra electrons.) The resulting solution is called an "electrolyte." Chemical Reaction When two dissimilar metals are put
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NUCLEIC ACIDS I.BASIC CONCEPTS II.CLASSES III.CHEMICAL NATURE IV.FUNCTION I.BASIC CONCEPTS NUCLEIC ACIDS polymeric macromolecules‚ or large biological molecules‚ essential for all known forms of life are made from monomers known as nucleotides Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base If the sugar is deoxyribose‚ the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose‚ the polymer is RNA. Together with proteins‚ nucleic acids are the most
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II. Synthesis This activity helps me to understand myself better by knowing what people think of me. It aims to foster self-awareness and self-improvement. I found out that my family thinks that I am a responsible person in terms of sense of responsibility. But my brother thinks I’m immature. In terms of duties at home‚ my mother and father understand that I don’t perform my duties because I’m busy with my studies. My sister thinks it too but she justified that I perform when I’m not busy. When
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Formic acid is known to be the simplest carboxylic acid‚ and it is an important factor in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally. The chemical formula for Formic Acid is CH202‚ and is mostly found in the venom of bee and ant stings. Formic acid is clear and colorless with a pungent odor. Formic acid is used in many ways; Formic acid is used to preserve livestock. It is also sprayed on animal food and fresh hay to reduce the decay rate. It can also be used as a pesticide to protect bee
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Synthesis The idea of gender wage discrimination being widely practiced in the United States today is a difficult concept for many to swallow. With the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964‚ the realization of the existence of the gender wage gap surprises many Americans. These authors bring to the forefront the idea that there is more to the gender wage gap then just companies discriminating against women and minorities. They sight many sources with defined data
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different approach by targeting not everyone but only few saying‚ “…not merely the heights to which some will climb or the difficulties others will endure.” When combining these two statements you can see how they synthesis; In other words‚ the lower class of America will either suffer from being under skilled or replaced by technology‚ while the successful class of America will become known as “The Untouchables”‚ meaning they will be so specialized that they will not be replaced. These articles appeal
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Liquid Crystals from Coconut Oil Fatty Acids - Investigatory Project Liquid Crystals from Coconut Oil Fatty Acids Abstract Liquid crystals are fluids that are between the solid and conventional liquid phases. Liquid crystals are in widespread use‚ especially in optical technologies. They are synthesized by combining fatty acids with cholesterol. This study aims to utilize coconut oil as an alternative source of fatty acids for synthesizing liquid crystals since coconut is cheap and abundant
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