a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as
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This examination paper must be returned intact. No part may be removed from the examination room. Family name: …………………………………..…. Other names: ……………………………………… Student ID: …………………………..…………….. AFIN 253 Financial Management MID-SEMESTER TEST: TUESDAY 10th APRIL 2012 Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes plus 10 minutes reading time. Instructions 1. Writing is not permitted in reading time. All pens‚ pencils and highlighters must be on your desk. 2. Part A - There are 15 multiple choice questions worth
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RATES AND BOND VALUATION L E A R N I N G LG1 Describe interest rate fundamentals‚ the term structure of interest rates‚ and risk premiums. LG2 Review the legal aspects of bond financing and bond cost. LG3 LG4 Discuss the general features‚ quotations‚ ratings‚ popular types‚ and international issues of corporate bonds. LG5 LG6 G O A L S Apply the basic valuation model to bonds and describe the impact of required return and time to maturity on bond values. Explain
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
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Bond Interest and Principal Payments A bond is a type of long-term debt that is issued by a corporation and is purchased by an investor for cash. A formal contract is issued by the corporation that states the legal terms of the bond. The advantages of issuing a bond from a corporation is that the ownership interest of the bondholders will not be diluted and those bonds are available at lower costs than the common stocks available. After a bond is issued by the corporation‚ the bondholder is promised
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adventure began in the early fifties when Ian Lancaster Fleming created the story Casino Royale on his Jamaican property called Goldeneye.1 Fleming transformed popular detective and spy/espionage from the dark‚ through the eye of secret agent 007. James Bond films are about a lady’s man/spy that has dedicated his life to a British intelligence agency called MI6. By utilizing the most technologically advanced spy equipment and specially designed vehicles that can withstand the most torturous conditions
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CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in
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Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
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international workshop on the development of bond market in Bangladesh. Bond markets link issuers having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term‚ interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place but it still has not been able to link them effectively through a bond market. The positive effect of developing a domestic bond market on the economy is well-known. On the one hand‚ bond markets are essential for a country to
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their loans. The banks that profit on these interest payments and the businesses use the loans to generate more income for themselves. Since money market accounts are frequently used in mutual funds‚ you can easily enter into buying stock shares or a bond fund. Question #10 Which of the money market securities is the most liquid and considered the most risk free? Why? -The U.S. Treasury Bill or T-bills are sold by the government to raise money. They are the most marketable securities in the money
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