Fractionalization and the municipal bond market Daniel Bergstresser* Randolph Cohen** Siddharth Shenai*** (First version April 2010. Current draft June 2011. Comments welcome.) Abstract We study the impact of ethnic and religious fractionalization on the U.S. municipal debt market‚ and find that issuers from more ethnically and religiously fractionalized counties pay higher yields on their municipal debt. A two standard deviation increase in religious fractionalization is associated
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PRODUCT ENDORSEMENT HOOKAH Target Customers: Hookah Lounges: The lounges serving hookah‚ which are generally found in college areas and urban areas. College Age Residents: College students who seek an alternative to bars and parties on their campuses seek out different experiences. Hookah provide such an experience because of their exotic ambiance‚ colorful atmosphere‚ focus on group dynamics‚ and the element of danger/risk provided by smoking. Furthermore‚ those between the ages of 18 and
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within the United States believe that America has been struck with a "trash crisis"‚ however‚ this is not truly case from the recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) facts for 2010. Before‚ we start let us take a moment to discuss what trash or municipal solid waste (MSW) is. MSW is the collection of commonly used items that discarded by the general populace‚ many of these include packaging‚ food scraps‚ grass clippings‚ sofas‚ computers‚ tires and house appliances (EPA). Although the information
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to study the relationship of solute/solvent and the calculations involved to measure the concentration of the solution. The first experiment to take place is the preparation of a salad dressing using xanthan gum solution‚ water and oil. Commonly used as a food thickening agent‚ Xanthan gum is a large molecule composed of several saccharides linked together. The second experiment to be conducted is with the reagents polyvinyl alcohol and sodium borate solutions‚ each solution is to be added DI water
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Tashia Walker Professor Steven Tran Government 2301 10 December 2012 Spotlighting Municipal Governments in Texas Home to the famous historical Alamo‚ San Antonio Texas has a metropolitan appeal. One of the most populated cities in Texas today. Currently‚ it has a significant growth span in terms of national demography in the United States. Its population is about 1 million people and rising. From 2000-2010‚ it was the fastest growing city in United
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Opportunity: How to identify your key target and focus your plans on this group only‚ to improve business impact and financial effectiveness – coming from a second-to-market position? Background: The Product - Nicorette is a smoking cessation chewing gum. NicoDerm CQ is an over-the-counter smoking cessation patch administered via a 3 step graduated program. It is marketed as NiQuitin CQ in Europe and Nicabate in Australia/NZ. They are SmithKline Beecham (SKB) products. Analysis of the marketing
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Statistic: A stick of gum can keep you more alert‚ energized‚ and focused than 10 cups of coffee‚ and without the caffeine side effects (healthyliving.edu). “Imagine if”: It is finals time again‚ and students around the country are cramming for their exams. But what if instead of reaching for that extra cup of coffee‚ they were able to pop in a piece of gum for extra energy? Background Info (what the issue is) Unfortunately‚ students are not allowed to chew gum at Harvest Park Middle
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Persuasive Speech Formal Outline INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: (Chews gum) Is this annoying you? Do you want me to stop? What if I told you that this pass-time‚ can actually make you a better student? Topic Revelation Statement: In the next few minutes‚ I will testify three astounding benefits why you should start chewing gum everyday! Significance Statement: We all seek to improve something about ourselves and chewing gum is going to do just that. According to wrigley.com updated in 2012‚ the
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test‚ but you just cannot concentrate. This is why we need gum. Everyone wants that refreshing piece of gum within his or her mouth during school. There are many benefits to acquire gum at school. These benefits can help you perform better in school and help you learn more. Although some say that chewing gum is a horrible idea‚ when one views the research‚ they will discover there are great advantages. One reason we must include gum at school is because it helps in keeping students awake.
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Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/39940/ The Global Confectionery Market - Trends and Innovations Description: Although certain sectors of the confectionery industry have reached maturity in many parts of the world‚ the global market continues to grow. Much of this recent growth has come from developing regions and countries‚ aided by the spread of multinational suppliers and their brands‚ as well as a growing base of increasingly affluent consumers in
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