Laboratory – Muscle Physiology A. MUSCLE TONUS Observations‚ Report and Conclusion: A. Define muscle tonus and give its importance * Muscle tonus refers to a state of slight muscular contraction maintained by synchronous impulses of low frequency‚ discharged by the spinal motor neurons. * Reflex in nature. * Muscle tonus is a small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak‚ involuntary contractions of its motor units. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the
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Before the motor neuron cone arrives the muscle fiber‚ AChR clusters are formed in the middle section of a muscle fiber. When the growing nerve cone attaches the muscle fiber‚ Agrin activates Lrp4‚ which then binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK‚ through this binding MuSK is phosphorylated and starts to form the neural and aneural AChR clustering (Burden 2011). Morphologic differences in the pre- and/or postsynaptic part of the NMJ can be a hint of a certain disease. In the following figure
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+ 6O2 Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis Cellular Respiration- process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen; Aerobic
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E 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define these terms used in describing muscle physiology: multiple motor unit summation‚ maximal stimulus‚ treppe‚ wave summation‚ and tetanus. 2. To identify two ways that the mode of stimulation can affect muscle force production. 3. To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow‚ smooth‚ sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically
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Muscles are all made of the same materials‚ a type of flexile tissue of thousands narrow tissues that make up all the muscles. There are three types of muscle tissue in the human body which are Cardiac‚ Smooth and Skeletal Muscles. Cardiac Muscles are muscles that conduct‚ forced‚ being completely in heart‚ responsible for pumping activity of heart‚ very heavy and solid. Smooth are non band‚ not under voluntary force found in comfortable organs of body accountable for growth like absorption of food
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simple. I’m not saying it is easy‚ but fundamentally it is very straight forward.In order to lay the ground work‚ let me establish 3 main tricks for you when it comes to stimulate arm growth. 1. Relatively speaking‚ biceps and triceps are small muscle gourps 2. Your biceps are heavily stimualted every time you perform a basic pulling movement for your back 3. Your triceps are heavily stimulated every time you rperform a basic pressing movememnt for your chest or for your shoulders So keeping
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FROG MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY 2) What was the smallest voltage required to produce max contraction? What proportion of the muscle fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response? Muscle fibers act in response to isolated stimuli in an all or none fashion. However‚ a muscle organ‚ such as the gastrocnemius muscle‚ is composed of many individual muscle fibers. It is known that all of the fibers in a muscle do not have the same threshold and that a stimulus applied to
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cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a metabolic process by which oxygen is used in the mitochondria to break down glucose in order to release stored energy. The process uses glucose and oxygen to generate carbon dioxide‚ water and ATP. The ATP produced is the main source of energy in organisms. Cellular respiration can occur via two processes: aerobic and aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is far more common‚ and efficient than anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration produces 38
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lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Muscle Twitch Study the data for the three muscles in Tables 1A‚ 1B‚ and 1C. 1. Make a scatter plot graph in Microsoft Excel® using Data Tables 1A‚ 1B‚ and 1C that show the twitch tension timelines of the eye‚ rectus femoris‚ and plantaris muscle fibers. For each muscle‚ connect the dots together in sequence. Refer to the section in the Introduction of this lab manual titled: “Computer
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Cellular respiration is defined as a complex process in which food molecules are broken down to harvest chemical energy which is then stored in the chemical bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is usually decided by the metabolic exercise and the equivalent amount of ATP discharge. As long as the extracellular O2 pressure surpass a demanding value ranging from 3-6 torr‚ studies have proof that cellular oxygen uptake stay permanently autonomous of oxygen tension. When the carbon-hydrogen bonds
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