Threshold can be said that the level of needed stimulation to trigger the smallest measurable contraction resulting from the excitation and contraction of the first few muscle fibers [1]. The contraction can occur due to the depolarization of the plasma membrane so called sarcolemma. The depolarization can happen if the stimulus is enough to achieve the threshold. The stimulus cannot be lower than
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differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue and where they are found in the body: Skeletal – single‚ very long‚ cylindrical‚ multinucleated cells with very obvious striations‚ voluntary via nervous system controls‚ attach to bones for movement‚ slow to fast contractions Cardiac – branching chains of cells‚ uninucleated‚ striated‚ involuntary‚ found only in the heart‚ slow rhythmic contractions Smooth – single‚ fusiform‚ uninucleated‚ no striations‚ involuntary
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2 – Skeletal Muscle 1. Describe basic setup a. What was manipulated? Intensity‚ frequency b. What was measured? Twitch tensions c. What concepts were investigated? i. Frog‚ sciatic nerve‚ gastroc‚ d. What was investigated? i. Effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on contraction-the more intensity‚ the higher the twitch tension. The more freq- the more twitch tension (By ~4.0pps we start to see summation of the twitches and by ~15pps we see no single twitches because the muscle has reached tetanic
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nerve impulses cause muscle contraction? Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. Nerve impulses that originate in the central nervous system cause muscles to contract. Both neurons and muscle tissue conduct electrical current by moving ions across cellular membranes. A motor neuron ends in a synapse with a muscle fiber. The neuron releases acetylcholine and transfers the action potential to the muscle tissue. The signal will travel through the tissue and trigger the contraction of individual sarcomeres
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Activity: Anatomy Overviews Title: Muscular System Overview 1. Click the Skeletal Muscle Cross Section and identify each of the following. Consult your textbook for a description of each. Epimysium: Outermost layer of dense‚ irregular tissue‚ surrounding the entire muscle. Deep Fascia: Layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle. Muscle Cell: Muscle fibers that are elongated‚ striated‚ and multinucleated. Perimysium: Dense irregular tissue that
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rest and during various forms of physical activity (McArdle‚ p.5). Carbohydrates serve several important functions related to exercise performance. The energy derived from the breakdown of glucose and glycogen is ultimately used to power muscular contraction as well as other forms of biologic work (McArdle‚ p.11). The other type of foodstuff that serves as a main
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Acetylcholine receptors. Depolarization happens when Acetylcholine causes an area of the muscle fiber to become a little more positive when it leaves the nerve and docks on receptors in the muscle membrane. Large amounts of Na+ ions enter the muscle fiber because channels open after depolarization‚ and an action potential then spreads throughout the muscle fiber. The thick and thin filaments of the muscle fiber can then contract
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Muscles attached to scapula: Levator scapulae origin is transverse processes of C1-C4‚ insertion at superior angle of scapula‚ it moves scapula and flexes neck. Pectoralis minor’s origin is ribs 3-5 and insertion at coracoid process of scapula‚ it depresses scapula and elevates ribs. Rhomboids Major and Rhomboids Minor’s origin at spinous processes T1-T4‚ insertion at medial border of scapula‚ they move scapula. Serratus anterior’s origin is at ribs 1-9‚ insertion is at medial border of scapula
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PDH study Summary What reasons do people participate in outdoor rec? (SCSPSEA) * Stress management * Challenge and excitement * Social interaction * Personal growth * Self-sufficiency * Enjoyment * Appreciation of the environment Planning for outdoor rec (RFLCCN) Ralph Freaking Lauren Cuts Clothes Neatly/Nicely * Risk assessment * Finding the hazards identifying the risks * Management – working out how to combat or avoid them. * Food and water
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and serves a critical role in the evaluation of both muscle and nerve diseases. Recording the electrical activity of the muscle cell membrane with a needle electrode inserted in the muscle‚ the motor unit potential (MUP) can be recorded. Electromyography is performed using an instrument called electromyograph‚ to produce a record called electromyogram. This represents the summated electrical activity of action potentials of all of the muscle fibers making up that motor unit. Motor unit is the
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