term that applies to a group of hereditary muscle-destroying disorders. According to the Muscular Dystrophy Association‚ in 2006 some type of MD affected approximately one million Americans. Each type of the disease is caused by defects in the genes that play important roles in the growth and development of muscles. In MD the proteins produced by the faulty genes are abnormal‚ causing the muscles to slowly disintegrate. Unable to function properly‚ the muscle cells die and are replaced by fat and connective
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case study focuses on a male who suffered a knee injury form skiing‚ which in turn resulted in weakness in his foot. With the help of MR Neurography the doctor was able to accurately diagnose the patient and provide a successful outcome. The gentleman suffered an injury to his left knee while snow skiing. He fell onto his leg with an immediate disruption of the knee and instant onset of foot weakness. There was considerable swelling and discoloration from a hematoma in the knee. His knee had been
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Milestone 1: Organ System Assessment Muscular System: Characteristics Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Body Location Attached to bones or‚ for facial muscles‚ to skin Walls of the heart Mostly in walls of hollow visceral organs (other than the heart) Cell Shape and Appearance Single‚ very long‚ cylindrical‚ multinucleate cells with very obvious striations Branching chains of cells; uninucleate‚ striations; intercalated discs Single‚ fusiform‚ uninucleate; no striations Connective Tissue Components Epimysium
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Acetylcholine receptors. Depolarization happens when Acetylcholine causes an area of the muscle fiber to become a little more positive when it leaves the nerve and docks on receptors in the muscle membrane. Large amounts of Na+ ions enter the muscle fiber because channels open after depolarization‚ and an action potential then spreads throughout the muscle fiber. The thick and thin filaments of the muscle fiber can then contract
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nasolabial fold) - paresis of the lower half of one side of the face - damage to upper motor neurons of the facial nerve. - The facial motor nucleus has dorsal and ventral divisions that contain lower motor neurons supplying the muscles of the upper and lower face‚ respectively. The dorsal division receives bilateral upper motor neuron input (i.e. from both sides of the brain) while the ventral division receives only contralateral input (i.e. from the opposite side of the brain)
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specific symptoms appearing in a patience. Different patients may require more treatment than others for a longer period or less. When weakness of the muscles become intense for a patient‚ doctors will begin to recommend physical therapy or medication. Physical therapy is useful to prevent the contractures‚ which is a condition of shortening or hardening of the muscles‚ tendons‚ or tissues‚ that could become worse or complicate dermatomyositis if the patient does not fully move or stretch out their
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provide voluntary movements and muscle power. As motor neurons degenerate‚ they can no longer send impulses to the muscle fibers that normally result in muscle movement. Motor neuron in ALS leads to their death so when it dies‚ the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. Patient may become totally paralyzed. It often include increasing muscle weakness‚ especially involving the arms and legs‚ speech‚ swallowing or breathing. When muscles no longer receive the messages
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rare cases‚ children are born with this disease also known as congenital myasthenia syndrome.The most commonly affected muscles are in the face‚eyes or even in extreme cases muscles that allow you to swallow. The results from that can be droopy eyelids‚ double vision‚ trouble communicating or trouble walking. Symptoms of this disease may be trouble swallowing‚ fatigued muscles after short
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consequences: • Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure‚ which mean that the heart muscle is changing. The risk for heart failure rises as the heart rate and blood pressure levels sink lower and lower. • Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis)‚ which results in dry‚ brittle bones. • Muscle loss and weakness. • Severe dehydration‚ which can result in kidney failure. • Fainting‚ fatigue‚ and overall weakness. • Dry hair and skin; hair loss is common. • Growth of a downy layer of hair called
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surrounding the nerves. The myelin sheath is destroyed‚ and the damage prevents the nerves from transmitting signal to the brain. It spreads very quickly and is considered a medical emergency in its most severe form. The syndrome usually begins with weakness and tingling in the lower extremities; feet and legs. It is an aggressive syndrome and quickly moves its way up the trunk to upper body and arms. In very rare cases‚ first symptoms are noticed in the face and arms. Guillain-Barre disease can be
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