international trade alters both the supply chain and general value chain of the domestic firm‚ thereby beginning the globalization process in the trade phase. ◆ Consider what the key elements of an import or export transaction are in business. ◆ Discover how the three key documents in import/export‚ the letter of credit‚ the draft‚ and the bill of lading‚ combine to both finance the transaction and to manage its risks. ◆ Identify what the documentation sequence is for a typical international trade transaction
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The main objectives of export trade are as follows: (i) To sell surplus goods: A country may produce a commodity in such quantities that are more than its needs. The country can sell its surplus output to foreign countries. In this way export trade is undertaken to make fruitful use of surplus goods. (ii) To make better utilisation of resources: Export trade widens the market for goods. A country can make better utilisation of its resources by producing goods on a large scale both for domestic
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IMPORT FINANCING Background Like other developing countries‚ Pakistan’s import bill exceeds exports. Therefore‚ it faces scarcity of foreign exchange to meet its import requirements. According to daily “DAWN” dated 18th November 2012‚ Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves were USD 13.84 Billion at the week ended as on 9th November 2012. Gap between the import and export bills is partially covered by regulations‚ controls and measures exercised by State Bank of Pakistan and partially by the
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as well export. Export management means conducting the export activity in an orderly‚ efficient and profitable manner. Since the heart of each business is marketing‚ export management can be termed as export marketing management. Because if needs to be managed efficiently so that the export should increase and exporter should get more profit and importer should get more satisfaction. Therefore export management activity is growth oriented and dynamic in nature. Export marketing
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Wood Ear Mushroom for Promoting a Healthy Diet When you think about mushrooms‚ you typically get the classic image of a mushroom right before your eyes. Well‚ this changes when you see the Wood Ear Mushroom‚ which is rather different in shape and appearance than other mushrooms are. It tends to be roughly shaped like a cup or ear and it is characterized by a rubbery texture. Its name is Auricularia polytricha‚ but this mushroom is also known as black fungus‚ wood ear‚ Judas ear‚ cloud ear or tree
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child happily with a loving family. A fence keeps you contained from running wild; you are surrounded by your family. You played with your sisters and brothers‚ embracing the life you have. You have grown up‚ you are strong now‚ you are bigger now‚ and you can feel every emotion now. Suddenly strange figures surround you; you are trapped within the fence of your life. You are being forced onto a ship; you are being separated from your family. Other are in the same situation all cramped with no
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BANGLADESH: COUNTRY OVERVIEW Bangladesh is situated in southern Asia‚ on the delta of the 2 largest rivers on the Indian subcontinent—the Ganges and Jamuna (Brahmaputra). It borders with India in the west‚ north‚ and east‚ with Burma (also known as Myanmar) in the southeast‚ and with the Bay of Bengal in the south. The country’s area is 144‚000 square kilometers (55‚598 square miles)‚ and it is divided into 6 administrative divisions (Dhaka‚ Chittagong‚ Khulna‚ Barisal‚ Rajshai and Sylhet) and 4
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Forecast of governmental expenditures and revenues for the ensuing fiscal year. In modern industrial economies‚ the budget is the key instrument for the execution of government economic policies. Because government budgets may promote or retard economic growth in certain areas of the economy and because views about priorities in government spending differ widely‚ government budgets are the focus of competing political interests. The budget has been announced with eight major objectives
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1. Trade Dependency: Bangladesh is dependent on many countries of the world for a lot of commodities and this dependency arises out of the local incapacity to produce these goods. Some of the areas in which Bangladesh is dependent are food items‚ petroleum‚ capital goods‚ mineral products‚ different kind of chemicals‚ raw materials for the textile industry and the pharmaceutical industry‚ plastic products etc. 1.1 Food Dependency In the year 2003-2004 the total amount of food imports amounted
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EXPOR T IMPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION EXPORT IMPOR T PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION COURSE OVERVIEW The world is forever changing‚ but the events that have taken place since1989 have been particularly dramatic. There have been border changes‚ in the name of country changes and technological innovations all of which have contributed to‚ altering the traditional depiction of countries in both shape and size. Our trading environment in terms of market structure and so we need new tools to
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