The Speech Community Peter L. Patrick Dept. of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester CO4 3SQ United Kingdom Email: patrickp@essex.ac.uk http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/ This article will appear in JK Chambers‚ P Trudgill & N Schilling-Estes (eds.)‚ Handbook of language variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell. ABSTRACT: empirical linguistics‚ is at the intersection of many principal problems in sociolinguistic theory and method. This paper traces its history
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The 1960’s movement that consisted of presidential reform agendas and Supreme Court rulings is known as liberalism (Keene‚ 812). President Kennedy and Johnson were responsible for the creation of the Liberal Movement. They had views that were similar to Roosevelt’s and believed themselves to be heirs of the New Deal (Keene‚ 812). These two presidents focused on “desegregating the American military and securing federal funds for urban housing‚ education‚ and public works projects” (Keene‚ 812). Kennedy
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In the 1950’s as a result of the recent acceleration of the Cold War and the spread of communism ideology around the world‚ and a national neurosis concerning a communist invasion expanded‚ Senator Joseph McCarthy took advantage of this "Red Scare" to advance his interests. McCarthy was a Republican Senator for the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. McCarthy made claims that Soviet‚ Korean and Chinese communist spies occupied the federal administration. In February 1950 when
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Critical Thinking 1 Martin Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream Speech The 1960’s were a changing time for America. Soon to be gone were the conservative fifties as many post-war baby boomers became young adults. The youth of American was no longer content to continue with traditional thinking‚ it was a time for a revolutionary change. The changes would affect values‚ laws‚ education‚ lifestyles and entertainment. All of this would take place during a turbulent time for our country. The Civil
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Free speech is extremely important‚ but there were times in the past when it was limited‚ for example‚ the Klansas City Kable and the Alien and Sedition Act‚ when the government was justified for doing so. Free speech plays an essential role in our democracy. Where would we be without free speech? There is no point in democracy if you can’t express yourself. Our freedom depends on free speech. If we didn’t have free speech‚ we wouldn’t be able to freely state our opinions. Another reason why free
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Phonetics (from the Greek: φωνή‚ phōnē‚ "sound‚ voice") is the subfield of linguistics that comprises the study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones)‚ and the processes of their physiological production‚ auditory reception‚ and neurophysiological perception. Phonetics was studied as early as 2‚500 years ago in ancient India‚ with Pāṇini’s account of the place and manner of articulation of consonants in his 5th century BC treatise
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Before the civil rights movement of the 1960’s‚ freedom for the citizens of the United States of America was treated as equal but separate through race. Even though both black Americans and white Americans both retained the freedoms that were bestowed to them by the Constitution those freedoms were attained in a segregated manner. Examples of such cases of segregation can be seen in the social freedoms of education and public services‚ where black only and white only schools exist and public places
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Attention to Speech. Taglimonte (2006: p.8) suggests that it is “the style from which every other style must be calibrated”. William Labov devised a sociolinguistic interview designed to produce a range of types of speech. His main interest was to obtain and identify data that represented people’s casual speech‚ rather than speech that was altered due to the presence of an observer. Most of the interview was conversational and produced two types of speech‚ these were identified as careful speech “the interviewee
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Crystal Sotelo Public Speaking November 18‚ 2012 Effective Speech President Obama and John F. Kennedy are both effective speakers. I will critique President Obama’s Tucson Memorial Speech and John F. Kennedy’s Moon Speech. However‚ the speech of Obama was more effective than John F. Kennedy’s speech. An effective speech should have a public speaker who will either‚ persuade‚ inform‚ or entertain their audience. The public speaker should also have good eye contact with his/her audience‚ be
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FIGURE OF SPEECH : A mode of expression in which words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to add beauty or emotional intensity or to transfer the poet’s sense impressions by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning familiar to the reader. Some important figures of speech are: simile‚ metaphor‚ personification‚ hyperbole and symbol. Adjunction: Adjunction refers to a clause or a phrase‚ usually a verb‚ that is added at the beginning
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