Coronary heart disease is the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries that could lead to a myocardial infarction. However‚ coronary heart disease‚ or CHD‚ is actually a result of coronary artery disease‚ or CAD. With coronary artery disease‚ plaque accumulates within the walls of the coronary arteries until the blood flow to the heart is limited‚ causing ischemia. It may be chronic‚ caused by narrowing of the coronary artery over time. It can be acute‚ resulting from a sudden rupture and formation
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Describe patient symptoms and conditions that could cause alterations in: Cardiac Output Volume of blood flowing through systemic or pulmonary circuit expressed in liters per min Normal= 5 L/min (resting adult) HRXSV= CO Factors: preload‚ afterload‚ myocardial contractility‚ heart rate As heart rate increases‚ this allows less time for diastole and the heart often cannot fill adequately. Therefore‚ a very rapid heart will often have a reduced cardiac output‚ especially in an elderly individual Stroke
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creatinine phosphokinase( CPK-MB) because their higher sensitivity and specificity for myocardium[3]. Preferred marker for any myocardial injury in any patient are Cardiac Troponins T and I only including patients suffering from CKD‚ acute kidney injury. Patients who are having CKD and present with clinical signs and symptoms corresponding towards acute myocardial infarction[MI]‚ series of Troponin levels should be considered ‚ i.e change in over three to six hours after presentation‚ should be taken
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Pharmacology Flow Chart Drug class – Anticoagulants Common Examples – Oral anticoagulants: coumarins- warfarin‚ dicumarol Heparin- administers IV or deep s.c. Mechanism of Action (MOA) – Anticoagulants prevent clot formation or prevent a clot from enlarging. Commonly used for treatment of DVT‚ myocardial infarction‚ pulmonary emboli‚ post operatively. Side effects related to MOA – The most serious adverse reactions are hemorrhage‚ leukopenia‚ thrombocytopenia‚ swelling of face/throat
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neurons 8. Myocardial contraction plays an important role in phase _____‚ where an influx of _____ ions predominate. A. 1‚ Na B. 1‚ Ca C. 2‚ Na D. 2‚ Ca 9. A prolongation of the QT interval can lead to all of the following except A. Hypoglycemia B. Hypotension C. Fainting D. Ventricular arrhythmias 10. Beta blockers are mainly indicated for _____ and for prevention of recurrent _____. A. Supraventricular arrhythmias‚ ischemia B. Supraventricular arrhythmias‚ myocardial infarctions
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mobilization of edematous fluid‚ and used to prevent renal failure. 2. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex; it stimulates reabsorption of sodium from the distal cortex. 3. Most diuretics share the same basic mechanism of action: they block sodium and chloride reabsorption. The greatest diuresis is produced by those drugs whose site of action is early in the nephron. 4. Adverse effects caused by diuretics on the extracellular fluid include hypovolemia‚ acid-base
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Give an account of how a poor diet and obesity can increase the chance of a person developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) A good diet consists of consuming a full range of all the various nutrients needed for proper function of the body and bodily systems. When someone consumes the correct nutrients in the correct proportions‚ they are considered to have a “Balanced Diet”. However‚ when someone is not consuming the correct nutrients or not consuming the correct amount of nutrients they are
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through the coronary arteries is partially or completely blocked‚ ischemia and infarction of the myocardium may result. Ischemia occurs when insufficient oxygen is supplied to meet the requirements of the myocardium”(Workman et al 2010). Complications The three major clinical manifestations of CAD include chronic stable angina‚ acute coronary syndrome‚ and sudden cardiac death. These conditions result from myocardial ischemia
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Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Mechanism of Action | Contraindication | Indication | Side Effects | Adverse Effects | Nursing Consideration | Mefenamic AcidDosage: 500 mg cap q 6 | Analmin | AnalgesicNon-SteroidalAnti-inflammatory | Mefenamic Acid has analgesic‚ anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. It is derivative of N-phenyl anthranili acid. Mefenamic acid shows central as well as peripheral analgesia. It is an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase. It also antagonizes certain
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Patients view A national survey of GP and nurse attitudes and beliefs towards depression after myocardial infarction Joanne Haws‚ Janet Ramjeet and Richard Gray 2011 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd‚ Journal of Clinical Nursing‚ 20‚ 3215–3223 Aim--- to investigate attitudes to depression after myocardial iunfraction Background. Depression after myocardial infarction affects almost half of all patients and has a considerable negative effect on recovery. Despite the increased prevalence of depression
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