The Cardiovascular System: The Heart- Chapter 18 Heart Anatomy Size‚ Location‚ and Orientation * Approximately the size of a fist * Location * In the mediastinum between second rib and fifth intercostal space * On the superior surface of diaphragm * Two-thirds to the left of the midsternal line; balance projects to the right * Anterior to the vertebral column‚ posterior to the sternum Coverings of the Heart * Enclosed in pericardium‚ a double-walled sac
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inflammation associated with RA has an impact on the vasculature. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in accelerated cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis appear to be complex and multifactorial. Both traditional and nontraditional risk factors potentially contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. There is a need for heightened awareness of the increased risk for silent ischemia‚ early myocardial infarction‚ and sudden death (4). The underlying cause of ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
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Obesity: root cause of many disease Outline What is obesity Its measurement Global trends Reasons Energy rich foods Lack of exercise genetic predisposition Related Morbidity Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Mellitus Other diseases e.g bone and joint diseases‚ asthma‚ skin diseases‚ certain cancers etc Social implications How to fight obesity Diet Exercise Drugs and surgical procedures Conclusion. Obesity is a medical condition
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pain or distention. There has not been any dramatic change in her weight prior to admission and no evidence of edema. Past medical history includes hypertension‚ asthma‚ hyperlipidemia‚ coronary artery disease in which she suffered a myocardial infarction in 2006 and received cardiac catherization‚ transient ischemic attack‚ and
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The electrical activity of the heart: the electrocardiogram Electrical activity is a basic characteristic of the heart and is the stimulus for cardiac contraction. Disturbances of electrical function are common in heart disease. Their registration as an electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of heart disorders. THE GENESIS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM Pathways of conduction and the electrocardiogram The sinus node is situated in the right atrium
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and shear injury; (2) platelet aggregation; (3) thrombus formation causing partial or total lumen occlusion; (4) coronary artery vasospasm; and (5) reperfusion injury caused by oxygen free radicals‚ calcium‚ and neutrophils. In patients with non-infarction ACS‚ spontaneous fibrinolysis of the thrombus occurs rapidly‚ minimizing ischemic insult; persistence of the occlusive thrombus‚ however‚ results in
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Read the article Diagnosis Coding and Medical Necessity: Rules and Reimbursement by Janis Cogley located on the AHIMA Body of Knowledge (BOK) at http://www.ahima.org. This article discusses how Medicare Carriers and Fiscal Intermediaries use coverage determinations to establish medical necessity. When the condition(s) of a patient are expected to not meet medical necessity requirements for a test‚ procedure‚ or service‚ the provider has the obligation under the Beneficiary Notices Initiative
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iron-deficient person has an ERS of 30mm/hr. (MM) 11. What effect does iron deficiency have on ESR? ESR can be elevated in persons with iron deficieny. (A Darby) 12. What is the ESR for a person suffering a myocardial infarction? or angina pectoris? Person with myocardial infarction has an ERS of 40 mm/hr and a person with angina pectoris has an ERS of 5mm/hr.
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MUSCULOSKELETAL FRACTURES ● Fracture is a disruption or break in the continuity of the bone structure. ● Traumatic injuries account for the majority of fractures. ● Fractures can be classified as displaced (open) or nondisplaced (closed) depending on communication or noncommunication with the external environment. ● Signs include immediate localized pain‚ decreased function‚ and inability to bear weight or use affected part. Obvious bone deformity may be present. ● Bone goes through eight stages of selfhealing (union)
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discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure‚ providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity and mortality in CHF. Be specific. Diuretics must be used very carefully in diastolic ventricular dysfunction. EXPLAIN this statement using appropriate physiology. Now considering all of the above
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