Classification of atrial fibrillation begins with differentiating a first detectable episode‚ irrespective of whether it is symptomatic or self-limited. Published guideline from an America College of Cardiology (ACC)‚ America Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend classification of AF into the following 3 patterns; Paroxysmal AF - Paroxysmal AF – Episodes of AF that terminate spontaneously within 7 days‚ Persistent AF - Episodes of AF that last more than 7 days
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A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction. A heart attack is when a part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies because it is not receiving oxygen. A heart attack is the death of heart muscle and it is caused by a sudden block of a coronary artery by a blood clot. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen. Causing injury to the heart muscle can cause chest main and pressure. If blood flow is not restored within 20 to 40 minutes permanent
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Examples – Oral anticoagulants: coumarins- warfarin‚ dicumarol Heparin- administers IV or deep s.c. Mechanism of Action (MOA) – Anticoagulants prevent clot formation or prevent a clot from enlarging. Commonly used for treatment of DVT‚ myocardial infarction‚ pulmonary emboli‚ post operatively. Side effects related to MOA – The most serious adverse reactions are hemorrhage‚ leukopenia‚ thrombocytopenia‚ swelling of face/throat‚ bleeding from the rectum. The most common side effects include:
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Using the health belief model‚ how can the nurse encourage a patient‚ who is status post myocardial infarction‚ to make immediate and permanent behavior changes in his or her eating habits and activity levels especially when the patient views these changes to be insurmountable? Provide a nursing diagnosis with interventions and outcomes to assess the patient’s behavior changes. First the nurse would have to determine the patient’s understanding of what and how behavior changes can affect his recovery
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excess. Over time‚ this buildup can contribute to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries‚ reducing the flow of blood to the vital organs‚ brain and the heart itself. If the heart’s blood supply is cut off‚ the result is a heart attack‚ or myocardial infarction. For this reason‚ high serum cholesterol is a primary factor contributing to the increased risk of heart attacks.2 Both diet and genetics are important factors affecting cholesterol levels. Other lifestyle factors such as exercise‚ smoking
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Diabetes John Grimes Brinson Kasie SCIN132 March 24‚ 2013 Diabetes Diabetes is brought about by too much sugar in the body which is caused by fat deposits‚ sedentary lifestyle‚ bad eating habits which may lead to kidney failure‚ non-traumatic lower-limb amputations‚ heart disease‚ as well as‚ stroke but may be managed through insulin‚ ginseng‚ chromium‚ nuts‚ leafy vegetables‚ cinnamon‚ aloe vera‚ charantia‚ caffeine‚ flax seeds‚ as well as‚ tea. Thorough Description of the Disease Diabetes
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atherosclerosis. Hypertension is frequently a result of both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis‚ and can lead to more serious CVDs‚ such as angina attack (an acute and squeezing chest pain due to inefficient blood flow to the heart)‚ and myocardial infarction( the sudden death of part of the heart muscle). A stroke is a CVD that occurs when there is in inadequate oxygen flow to the brain. An abnormally high or abnormally low heart rate because of the disruption of the natural electric impulses of
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Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA 2010;303:1159-66. 9. Alter DA‚ Naylor CD‚ Austin P‚ et al. Effects of socioeconomic status on access to invasive cardiac procedures and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1359-67. 10. Gorey KM‚ Holowaty EJ. Fehringer G‚ et al. An international comparison of cancer survival: relatively poor area of Toronto‚ Ontario and three US metropolitan areas. J Public Health Med 2000; 22:343-8. Affiliation:
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References: Jenkins‚ Kemintz‚ Tortora (2010) Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley and Sonc Inc. Kulik. (2013‚ April). www.medicinenet.com. Retrieved from Myocardial Infarction: www.medicinenet.com Ladwig‚ A. a. (2014). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook. Mosby by Elsevier Inc. National Stroke Association. (2012). After Stroke. Effects of Strokes‚ www.stroke.org. Potter‚ P. S. (2012). Fundamentals of Nursing. St. Louis:
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< oxygen demand Thrombus: A blood clot formed within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow. Manifestations of CVD: • Angina Pectoris: possible areas of radiating pain: neck‚ jaw‚ upper abdomen‚ shoulders and arms • Myocardial Infarction: heart attack. Can be prevented by taking low doses of aspirin • Stroke: Occurs when brain is starved of oxygen due to pieces of plaque braking free and causing clots. Warning signs: half of the face droops‚ can only raise one arm. • Arrhythmias:
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