Chapter 9 & 10 Short Answer and Critical Thinking CHAPTER 9 Short answer 15. Name and describe the four functional abilities of muscle that are the basis for muscle response. Contractibility- is the ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated. This ability sets muscle apart from other tissue types. Extensibility- is the ability to extend or stretch. Muscle cells shorten when contracting‚ but they can stretch even beyond their resting length‚ when relaxed. Elasticity-
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Muscle Tissue Introduction * Motion * Results from alternating contraction (shortening) and relaxation of muscles * Skeletal system * Provides leverage and a supportive framework for this movement * Myology – study of muscles Muscle Tissue * Alternating contraction and relaxation of cells * Chemical energy changed into mechanical energy Types of Muscle Tissue * Skeletal muscle – primarily attached to bones * Striated and voluntary * Cardiac
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interaction with cell components What kinds of microfilamentous structures does each protein help form? 1. Bundling protein; F-actin is org. into diff. assemblies based on cross linking proteins 1. Contractile Bundles- Associated protein-Myosin 2 that always moves to + end of F-actin‚ Non-structurally polar (even tho F-actin is polar by itself)‚ Function-contractions‚ motility‚ ect.‚ examples- stress fibers‚ contractile ring 2. Non-Contractile Bundles- Arranged in tight bundles and
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Anatomy Exam Chapters 5‚6‚8‚9 Heat-Loss Center (page 840) * behavioral changes- getting shade‚ going into water * vasodilation and shunting of blood to skin surface- inhibition of vasomotor center causes warm blood flow to the surface‚ skins turns red‚ skin temperature rises‚ radiational and convective losses increase * sweat production- sweat glands are stimulated to increase secretory output‚ perspiration occurs‚ evaporative heat losses accelerate * respiratory heat loss- respiratory
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1. Why do we need a cardiovascular system? Because we need to get oxygen through our system. 2. Make sure you know which circuits the left and right heart pump into (pulmonary or systemic). Also know the status of blood (fully oxygenated or not) at -the aorta: Left‚systematic‚ and fully oxygenated. -a pulmonary vein: Left side‚ pulmonary‚ and fully oxygenated. Goes from the right side of the body(heart) into the (left) pulmonary veins then goes to the left atrium then to the left ventricle then
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reactions. ATP is also used in muscle contraction which is obviously essential for numerous animals including human beings. ATP molecules attach to the myosin heads on actin filaments which causes them to become detached. Then the enzyme ATPase (which is activated by calcium ions) hydrolyses the ATP to ADP. The energy lost from the ATP is used to move the myosin heads back to their original positions. Without this mechanism muscles would remain contracted after stimulation and would therefore not be able
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Human Physiology Exam 2 Spring 2014 1. Neuroglial cells that regulate neurotransmitter metabolism and capillary permeability are: a. neurolemmacytes b. astrocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. neurons 2. The portion of the nervous system concerned with afferent input from skeletal muscle is: a. visceral sensory b. somatic motor c. somatosensory d. propriosensory 3 Light adaptation of the eye occurs due to: a .a decrease in the active photo pigment b. an increase in active photopigment c. a
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increase cAMP levels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE). This enzyme functions is to break down cAMP. (3). Increased cAMP in smooth muscles results in relaxation. This is because cAMP inhibits an enzyme (myosin light chain kinase) that phosphorylates smooth muscle myosin which causes contraction (4). They are also adenosine antagonists (8). Therapeutic uses of xanthines include: mild cases of asthma‚ an adjunct in COPD‚ chronic bronchitis. Side effects of xanthines include: nausea‚ anorexia
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Angela Collins Instructor: Catherine Rice Date: 07.09.2014 Predictions Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 5 Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 70 °C (158 °F) Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced Independent Variable pH Controlled Variables temperature‚ amount
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Sample Physiology MCQs 1. Compound action potentials can be graded responses. True 2. The sciatic nerve contains axons of both afferent and efferent neurones. True 3. The absolute refractory period of an action potential is the period after an initial stimulus when it is impossible to evoke another action potential with a second stimulus. True 4. The refractory periods of individual axons are important as they dictate the maximal action potential firing rate of a neuron. True 5. Compound action
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