A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Importance of Cells • All organisms are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Unit 5 Biology notes Contents Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception 3 Section 9.2 – Nervous Control 4 Section 9.3 – Control of heart rate 5 Section 9.4 – Role of receptors 6 Section 10.1 – Coordination 8 Section 10.2 – Neurons 10 Section 10.3 – The nerve impulse 11 Section 10.5 – The speed of a nerve impulse 12 Section 10.6/10.7 – Structure and function of the synapse / Transmission across
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700 muscles. These in turn contain fibers‚ which are the basic functional units of muscles. Within these fibers are cylinder shapedbundles called myofibrils. These contain sarcomeres‚ which are made up of thick protein filaments known as actin and myosin. All of these components make up the two types of fibers‚ slow-twitch and fast-twitch. The muscles also contain 3 distinct tissues known as cardiac‚ skeletal‚ and smooth. Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells are under involuntary control and are located
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which makes movement or keeping a part of the body in a certain position. To understand a muscle injury you have to understand how a muscle contracts and relaxes. In the picture the Z line‚ actin and myosin are spaced apart when a muscle is relaxed. When the muscle contracts the Z line‚ Actin and myosin come further together. An example of a muscle injury is a strain‚ a strain occurs when the muscle fibres stretch or tear to far as when doing exercise your muscles need to far to become bigger
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This is a practice test for biology 101 test 2. You should also review all lectures and practice writing questions for each lecture set. You will also want to take advantage of the test banks under the “Lessons” tab in Angel. In addition to these sample questions and the test banks‚ you are advised to study the diagrams from all chapters and be able to label main structures. 1) The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) is: a) Digestion b) Support c) DNA isolation d)
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main function is to help in tissue repair and growth. There are three different types of proteins. Fibrous proteins help in forming muscle tissues‚ tendons‚ bones‚ and connective tissue and some examples of these are Actin‚ Coronin‚ Elastin‚ and Myosin. Globular proteins help in regulating‚ catalyzing‚ and transporting. Some examples of globular proteins are Albumins‚ Ependymin‚ Fibrin‚ and Thrombin just to name a few. There are membrane proteins as well and they play many different roles such
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produced through the conversion of metabolites‚ also involving the consumption of oxygen and release of CO2 as a waste product. ATP is vital to skeletal muscle contraction‚ since the power stroke is facilitated by ATP binding to and being hydrolyzed by myosin‚ which pulls the actin filament inward. Since muscle cells respire and contract more during exercise than at rest‚ a
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operons/prokaryotes? Transcription What is the least involved in translation? DNA In the picture of muscle contraction‚ know what bands decrease in size and which ones stay the same. When the muscle contracts the sarcomere gets smaller and the area between myosin filaments. What are the net products of glycolysis? ATP‚ NADH‚ Pyruvic Acid What are the net products of cellular respiration? CO2‚ ATP‚ and H2O (select the best answer that contains these. Some answers might contain two of these and then something
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potentially larger number of muscle cells will reach the threshold necessary to contract. Increasing the stretch of the muscle will cause a decrease in the contraction force. This is because the stretching may reduce the overlap of the actin and myosin filaments and thus result in less potential
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Laboratory Exercise # 2 Skeletal Muscle Mechanics 1. What is a skeletal muscle fiber? Present (and explain) a diagram that demonstrates the interaction between actin and myosin during contraction. What is the role of calcium‚ troponin‚ and tropomyosin? 2. Present the basic anatomy of a motor neuron input into skeletal muscle. How is each muscle fiber innervated? What is a motor unit? What are the advantages/disadvantages of large and small motor units? What kinds of
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