and thin filament simply enough. The thick filaments are made up of protein molecules called myosin. “A myosin molecule is shaped like a golf club‚ with two polypeptides intertwined to form a shaft like tail and a double globular head projecting from it at an angle” (Saladin.408). Thin filaments have three main components called actin‚ tropomyosin‚ and troponin. For a muscle to contract the myosin will bind with actin. The tropomyosin and troponin work together to cover the actin binding site
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breakdown of ATP releases energy‚ releasing the head of the myosin. –Calcium ions bind to troponin‚ exposing the binding site on the actin filament. –The myosin head attaches to the exposed binding site on the actin filament‚ forming a cross-bridge. –The flexing of the cross-bridge pulls the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. –An ATP molecule in the reattaches to the ATP binding site on the myosin head. –The myosin head is released from the actin filament’s binding site and the
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Devonne Lozada Living Environment 1/8/13 Mr.Jorez Human Muscular System Visceral muscle is found inside of organs like the stomach‚ intestines‚ and blood vessels. The weakest of all muscle tissues‚ visceral muscle makes organs contract to move substances through the organ. Because visceral muscle is controlled by the unconscious part of the brain‚ it is known as involuntary muscle—it cannot be directly controlled by the conscious mind. The term “smooth muscle” is often used
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A patient is admitted for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). The physician orders the neuromuscular blocking agent metocurine iodide (Metubine) to reduce trauma by relaxing skeletal muscles. Explain the process of muscle contraction and how a neuromuscular blocking agent‚ such as Metubine‚ would interfere with muscle contraction. In order to understand how a neuromuscular blocking agent works one must first understand the process of muscle contraction and what has to take place in order for us
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with terminal cisternae. 11. What is the function of t-tubules? They rapidly move action potentials from the cell surface to the interior of the fiber. 12. What are the different proteins that make up a myofibril? Contractile proteins: Myosin and actin‚ regulatory proteins: tropomyosin and troponin‚
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the myosin binding sites on actin. This is the latent period‚ the lag time between stimulation and contraction. Myosin heads or cross bridges attach to actin binding sites on thin filaments. The sliding filament theory of a muscle contraction begins. When myosin binds to actin it pulls toward the m-line this is the “power stroke”. Once myosin head if flexed‚ ATP binding site is exposed and ATP binds to the head. Every single myosin head that attaches to actin has to have ATP. Now the myosin
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muscle length is shortened as myosin heads‚ extending from the myosin filaments‚ interact cyclically in a rowing motion with the actin filament (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ is one of the crucial mechanical events required. The mechanism is initiated when an ATP molecule is bound to a myosin head. An enzyme within the head. known as ATPase‚ hydrolyzes the ATP molecule into ADP and phosphate (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ causing a release of energy. This energy is used to rotate the myosin head into an extended‚ high-energy
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Running/Exercising= more C02 is needed Actin is attached to the Z Line Myosin is in the middle attached by M line (Desmin) Located within the A- band‚ Titin is also attached to myosin anchoring it to the Z line. Myosin has heads on it‚ which attach to the active site on Actin when contracted. Alternating heads that attach to actin (like tug a war). When the muscle is resting the myosin heads are flat. Sliding Filament Therory I band is the clear
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regular basis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is split into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate to supply the energy for muscle contraction. The free energy released by the ATP when the phosphate is split off is transferred to the heads on the myosin filaments. The heads move and store potential energy in their new position. When the heads interact with actin‚ the energy is used to slide the filaments past one another transferring the energy into movement (kinetic energy). 3. What are neurotransmitters
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muscle. Muscle is made up of protein filaments‚ myosin and actin. These filaments slide past each other to produce a contraction which changes both the length and shape of the cell. The primary function of the muscle is to produce both movement and force. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibres containing myofibrils of thick and thin filaments (myosin and actin). Skeletal muscle have distinct striations due to the overlapping of the myosin and actin held in place by the sarcolemma. Skeletal
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