muscle contraction is based on the organization of the cytoskeletal proteins. The contraction is the shortening of a sarcomere‚ which is caused by the thick myosin filaments sliding past the thin actin filaments. The actual filaments aren’t getting shorter just sliding past each other. The contraction is caused by physical interaction of the myosin heads and the adjacent actin filaments‚ which is governed by regulatory proteins‚ tropomyosin and troponin. Tropomyosin is part of the thin filament and
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Module Question Answer 8.1 (b) Describe the components of a synovial Joint‚ and identify the functions of each. Components of a synovial joint are: Fibrous articular capsule (or joint capsule)‚ which surrounds the joint Articular cartilages‚ which resemble hyaline cartilages and cover the articulating bone surfaces Synovial fluid‚ which is located within the joint cavity and provides lubrication‚ distributes nutrients‚ and absorbs shocks 8.2 (a) Identify the types of synovial joints based
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Unit 1. Homeostasis and Integument 1. Define what is meant by homeostasis in living systems a. Homeostasis = Body wisdom ↓ ↓ Steady state * Homeostasis keeps us healthy * The means by which organisms (our body) maintain a constant internal environment in spite of fluctuations in the external environment. * This means humans have narrow limits we have to keep. 1. Body temp 2. Water content * Our blood contains 92% water and has to maintain
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Describe all the parts of a sarcomere and their respective functions. The parts of a sarcomere can be detailed once the sarcomere is explained. Myofibrils are cylindrical structures that carry out contraction of the muscle. These muscle structures are composed of individual cylindrical subunits called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are myofilaments that are contractile‚ repetitious functional units in muscle (Martini & Nath‚ 2009‚ p. 298). These myofilaments are the smallest operational/functional unit
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a joint to extend are called extensors‚ muscles which cause a limb to retract are called flexors. A Synovial Joint 2 5.7.2 - Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory (including the role of actin‚ myosin‚ troponin‚ tropomyosin‚ Ca2+‚ ATP). Muscles are made from muscle fibres arranged into bundles. Each fibre is made from bundles of myofibrils‚ which are extremely long‚ cylindrical muscle cells. A RRANGEMENT OF MYOFIBRILS INTO A MUSCLE FIBRE
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The muscle physiology of skeletal muscle was observed by using electrical‚ physical‚ and neural stimulations of an isolated gastrocnemius muscle from Rana pipiens. The gastrocnemius receives signals from the action potentials of the sciatic nerve. The muscle contraction is caused by the binding of a neurotransmitter once the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction. Stimulation of the muscle and the sciatic nerve allows for recording and measuring of these properties. We observed twitch
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smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere (1). A sarcomere is composed of many strands of two protein filaments‚ the thick and the thin filaments (1). The thick filament is made of the protein myosin‚ a motor protein‚ and the thin filament is composed of actin polymers (1). Myosin and actin work together sliding alongside each other to create contractile force of skeletal muscle (1). Actin is encoded by a highly conserved gene family. The gene sequences from algae and humans are identical
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Skeletal System Skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living organisms. Skin‚ muscle and bones allow movement. Skin - pliable covering. Muscles do actual moving. Bones give anchor to move against. The skeleton functions not only as the support for the body but also in haematopoiesis‚ the manufacture of blood cells that takes place in bone marrow. This is why people who have cancer of the bone marrow almost always die. It is also necessary for protection of vital organs
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Chapter 10- Muscle Tissue Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1) How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis? A) by generating heat that helps maintain body temperature B) by moving materials through the body C) by pulling on bones to move the body D) A and B are correct. E) A‚ B and C are correct. 2) The primary function of muscle is A) conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy. B) conversion of chemical energy into radiant energy. C) conversion
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properties are influenced by their reliance on aerobic and anaerobic energy sources. Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of individual muscle fibres called myocytes. Each myocyte contains many myofibrils‚ which are strands of proteins (actin and myosin) that can grab on to each other and pull. This shortens the muscle and causes muscle contraction. It is generally accepted that muscle fibre types can be broken down into two main types:slow twitch (Type I)muscle fibre and fast twitch (Type II)muscle
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