“What is the so-called pricing process?” Pricing is the determination of monetary amount in exchange on the commodity sold or the service rendered by the business. In pricing‚ the Business should consider the following factors that affect pricing: 1. The manufacturing or production cost. Variable and fixed costs are the costs incurred in a product or service. Examine whether the costs that have been incurred in the commodity sold or service rendered are going to be covered up by the revenue
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ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS. | WHAT METHODS SHOULD BE TAKEN TO AVOID THE IMPORTATION OF PETROLEUM PRICING IN NIGERIA. | MAT NO: SSC0905121 | OWOYOMI OLUWATOSIN ADEDAPO 2/4/2013 | Oil products are derived from crude oil and they include petrol‚ diesel‚ kerosene‚ natural gas‚ bitumen. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State‚ after a century of searching (Dharam‚ 1991)‚ Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa and has been a member of the Organization
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------------------------------------------------- KEY CHARACTERISTICS (PRODUCTS AND SERVICES) AND MARKET SIGNIFICANCE One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is an important strategic issue because it is related to product positioning‚ as pricing alone can affect other marketing mix elements such as product features‚ distribution‚ and promotion. To compete and excel in the market Braaap have shown the use and benefit of pricing variables to their business and market position. Some
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or earthen pot‚ adorned with small neem branches and turmeric‚ vermilion (kunkum) or Kadi (white chalk) and a lamp on the top. Women place the pots on their heads and take it to Goddess temple‚ led by drummers and dancing men. Goddess temples have names such as Mysamma‚ Pochamma‚ Yellamma‚ Pedamma‚ Dokkalamma‚ Ankalamma‚ Poleramma‚ Maremma‚ Pochamme‚ Maramma‚ Yellammma‚ Nookalamma etc. and are decorated with special illumination buntings and festoons. | Origin of Bonalu festival The festival history
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INTRODUCTION According to palmer (2004; 576)‚ “the marketing mix refers to the choices available to a company or organization regarding the promotion or marketing of its product or services. Usually this process involves considerations regarding where the marketing will take place‚ the product or service‚ the customers‚ and the best way to carry out the promotion as a whole.” The marketing mix is not based on any theory‚ but on the need for marketing managers to breakdown their decision making into
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Often Hindustan Unilever must invest in production capacity before a product is brought to market. At the time of investment‚ product demand is uncertain‚ and the capacity decision might be made using a forecast of the product sales‚ where the forecast may take the form of a probability distribution. This uncertainty in the product demand complicates the capacity investment decision and any reduction in the uncertainty would be desirable. In some circumstances‚ the company may have the ability
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Marketing Mix Paper Marketing mix might be considered the most important term in marketing. The marketing mix components are basic foundation of a marketing plan. The marketing mix consists of the four P ’s which are price‚ place‚ product‚ and promotion. By using the marketing mix you can vary the offers of services that you give to your customers. For instance when you are a big name brand corporation you might focus more on promoting and desensitize the focus on price. According to the marketing
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the price of a product can be determined. The following are the foremost strategies that businesses are likely to use. Contents 1 Competition-based pricing 2 Cost-plus pricing 3 Creaming or skimming 4 Limit pricing 5 Loss leader 6 Market-oriented pricing 7 Penetration pricing 8 Price discrimination 9 Premium pricing 10 Predatory pricing 11 Contribution margin-based pricing 12 Psychological pricing 13 Dynamic pricing 14 Price leadership 15 Target pricing 16 Absorption
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How might pricing decisions be influenced by knowledge of the Product Life Cycle? Product Life Cycle (PLC) shows the stages of a new product going through in the market place. In general‚ a product goes through introduction‚ growth‚ maturity and decline. The application of the four stages of PLC can assist firms to plan marketing mix decisions. Hence‚ price setting of a particular product can be influenced by its PLC over the four stages. For mass market with high competition and a new brand
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cost-based pricing and value-based pricing. In this essay we will consider a few of them. Value-based pricing is based on the customer’s perception of value rather than the seller’s cost as the key. Cost-based pricing is based on the product. A company comes up with an idea of what they think would be a good product and sets the price after considering all the production costs plus a target profit. (Kotler‚ Armstrong‚ 2008‚ p. 285‚ 286) Instead of starting with producing a product or service to
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