chapter Learning Objectives • Learn how our bodies change the food we eat into ATP to provide our muscles with the energy they need to move • Examine the three metabolic systems that generate ATP 2 Fuel for Exercise : Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism Terminology • Substrates – Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) – Carbohydrate‚ fat‚ protein Measuring Energy Release • Can be calculated from heat produced • 1 calorie (cal) = heat energy required
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Pushing your limits often leads to a muscle plateau‚ but there’s always something you can do to maintain a climbing growth for your muscles. Any hard work can quickly be undone just by simple everyday habits. Your life in the kitchen is the gateway to muscle production and proper health. Eating habits can make or break your perfect body. Gaining Muscle is always hard especially if you are trying to lose unneeded fat as well‚ but most muscle mass training programs leave out one of the body’s most
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CHAPTER 3: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Three Types of Muscle * Muscle tissue is a collection of cells that shorten during contraction which create tension that results in movement * Tendons are touch bands of connective tissue that join muscle with bones Skeletal muscles * Muscles that are attached to bone (by tendons and other tissue) * Comprise 30 to 40% of human body weight * Humans have conscious control (conscious muscle) over these muscles (the brain can tell them what to do)
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Serratus Anterior 1. ABDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. UPWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Pectoralis Minor 1. ABDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Pectoralis Major 1. FLEXION of Shoulder Joint 2. HORIZONTAL FLEXION of Shoulder Joint 3. MEDIAL (INTERNAL) ROTATION of Shoulder Joint Rhomboid Minor 1. ADDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. DOWNWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle Joint Rhomboid Major 1. ADDUCTION of Shoulder Girdle Joint 2. DOWNWARD ROTATION of Shoulder Girdle
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Biceps Femoris Muscle The Biceps Femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies‚ it has two parts‚ one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. Origin and insertion It has two heads of origin; one‚ the long head‚ arises from the lower and inner impression on the back part of the tuberosity of the ischium‚ by a tendon common to it and the semitendinosus‚ and from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament the other‚ the short head‚
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MANY PROCESSES MUST TAKE place within the skeletal muscle fibres in order for muscle contraction to occur. The cross bridge cycle‚ process by which the muscle length is shortened as myosin heads‚ extending from the myosin filaments‚ interact cyclically in a rowing motion with the actin filament (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ is one of the crucial mechanical events required. The mechanism is initiated when an ATP molecule is bound to a myosin head. An enzyme within the head. known as ATPase‚ hydrolyzes the
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HOW MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY THEY NEED TO WORK 1) Muscle needs energy to contract and as stated previously the ‘universal energy currency’ of living systems is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This is largely produced within mitochondria‚ organelles which are often referred to as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. The ATP that results is used to provide the power for the muscle fibres to contract. Contraction itself (i.e. actual shortening movement) occurs when a bond is broken between ATP and one of its
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to use the muscle tension and the electrical activity in the dominant and non-dominant forearm muscle‚ the flexor digitorum superficialis‚ to analyze the determinants of muscle tension and fatigue‚ and the reasons as to why differences may occur between the dominant and non-dominant arm. The generation of tension in a muscle is determined by the major type of motor unit being recruited‚ as well as the rate in which action potentials are being fired. A subject
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Lab 6: Amphibian Muscle Contraction Results: For this experiment‚ Isometric contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog were analyzed and from this data the latent period‚ twitch‚ motor unit summation‚ tetanus‚ fatigue & mechanical summation were measured. The data was used to quantify the effect of passive tension on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus intensity on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus frequency on contractile force of xenopus gastrocnemius muscle. The threshold voltage
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cousin that stole the car‚ she did not realize that Louie’s cousin stole the car‚ or even did anything wrong. Crime is not the only thing happening around her that she doesn’t understand however. She also does not realize that her sister‚ Nenny a close friend to her. Esperanza claims in Boys and Girls that Nenny is not her friend because she is too young. However‚ Esperanza mainly plays with Rachel‚ Lucy‚ and Nenny. Since Rachel and Lucy are both Esperanza’s and Nenny’s friends‚ and they all play
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