“Effects of Taxes on Demand and Supply” Definition: A fee charged ("levied") by a government on a product‚ income‚ or activity. If tax is levied directly on personal or corporate income‚ then it is a direct tax. If tax is levied on the price of a good or service‚ then it is called an indirect tax. Overview: The legal definition and the economic definition of taxes differ in that economists do not consider many transfers to governments to be taxes. For example‚ some transfers to the public
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‘call the shots’ on their product (price‚ availability etc.) as there is no alternative on offer to consumers. Monopolists tend to produce a limited number of product which are then sold at a high price (there is no need to compete). (Control of demand) The British Government seeks to restrict the behaviour of monopolies‚ so preventing unfair business behaviours. Oligopoly – a small number of dominant firms or individuals compete to provide a product or service. Competition is limited and as
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Topic 5 – Demand‚ Supply and government policy (Week five Oct 6th – Oct 13th) Outline: 1. Price Ceiling: -- General Analysis; -- Example: Rent Control; 2. Price Floor: -- General Analysis; -- Example: minimum wage law; 3. The Incidence of Sales Tax -- Key Results; -- Numerical Examples: a)Tax levied on sellers; b)Tax levied on buyers; -- Elasticities of demand and supply; Price Ceiling A legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold 1) General Analysis Price 12 PE 8 Shortage 16 QE
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is initially in equilibrium. Given this‚ answer the following questions: 1. Show on a diagram the initial market equilibrium for ice cream 2. Show the effect of a hot summer on ice cream demand 3. Show the effect of the use of a cheaper ice cream manufacturing method on the ice cream supply. 4. What are the resulting changes in equilibrium price and the quantity traded? You will be assessed against the following criteria: The accuracy of your answers The appropriate use of
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b) Do assumptions have to be realistic in order for a theory to work? c) Suppose you wanted to construct a model to explain the number of cars consumers would purchase during a given year. List twenty factors which you feel might affect the demand for cars. Then reduce your list to just four. Why might a consideration of only four factors be an improvement on a consideration of twenty factors? 2 8. Classify each of the following
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instances that you ran out of sacks of flour? Yes 10 No 2 5. How often does it happen? Once a week 3 Twice a month 7 Monthly 0 Never 2 6. Are you willing to try other kind of flour specially made of banana? Yes 10 No 2 Demand Analysis A total of 12 respondents (Bakeries and Pastry Shops) took part in the survey conducted by the proponents of the project. After gathering and recording all the data needed‚ it shows that 42% of the respondents order sacks of flour daily
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Supply & Demand ● P1 was the market clearing price‚ but then one of determinants of demand changed and D↑ ● P2 is the new market clearing price Surplus & Shortage ● results in a new market clearing price and quantity ● consumers bid up prices that are too low to clear the market ● suppliers put products “on sale” when prices are too high to clear the market Surplus Qs>Qd Shortage Qd>Qs ● when P=P1 the Demand is to purchase Q1 ● but the suppliers are channeling a lot of their goods
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to Y = %∆X %∆Y PRICE ELASTICITY of DEMAND Definition: Price elasticity of demand is defined as the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price‚ ceteris paribus‚ when all other factors on buyers’ plans are being unchanged. Formula: Calculating Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded
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Supply and Demand The consumer market is driven by the Laws of Supply and Demand. Excess supply typically results in lower prices. Excess demand leads to higher prices. One example of elastic commodities is the purchase of a vacation to a theme park. Although the vacation is a viable luxury‚ there are numerous factors that can affect the cost. The comparable price of close substitutes as well as the supplemental costs of complements to the vacation must be taken into consideration. Various
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Question 1.1. (TCO 1) Which one of the following Windows NET commands options is not used to control services with the NET ????? ServiceName? (Points : 4) STOP START CONTINUE PAUSE DELETE Question 2.2. (TCO 1) The netsh command that will set the IP Address of the interface name "NIC" to 192.168.100.10 255.255.255.0 with a metric of 1 is _____. (Points : 4) netsh interface set ip address "NIC" source=static 192.168.100.10 255.255.255
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