Present value is where the value on a set date of a future payment is discounted to reflect the time value of money and other factors. This can also apply to a series of future payments. Present value calculations are commonly utilized in business and economics to provide a way to compare cash flows at different times. Present value can be described as the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. (http://www.getobjects.com) Future cash flows
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. To find the PVA‚ we use the equation: PVA = C({1 – [1/(1 + r)]t } / r ) PVA = $60‚000{[1 – (1/1.0825)9 ] / .0825} PVA = $370‚947.84 The present value of the revenue is greater than the cost‚ so your company can afford the equipment. 7. Here we need to find the FVA. The equation to find the FVA is: FVA = C{[(1 + r)t – 1] / r} FVA for 20 years = $3‚000[(1.08520 – 1) / .085] FVA for 20 years = $145‚131.04 FVA for 40 years = $3‚000[(1.08540 – 1) / .085] FVA for 40
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Book value: The book value of ordinary share is the net worth of a corporation less the par value of preference shares outstanding divided by the number of ordinary shares outstanding. Suppose the net worth of a company contains the following information viz; Preference shares (Rs. 100 per share): 1000000.00 Ordinary share (Rs.5 per share): 1500000.00 Share premium:
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four key values/ ethical considerations you consider most important when establishing and conducting treatment groups? I consider all values and ethic important when referring to the social work practice. The reason that I consider all the values and ethic important in the social work practicum is because social work has an impact people lives‚ so whenever a person life in involve everything should be taken serious. Social workers changes people lives‚ if I had to name four key values when establishing
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Values and Ethical Dilemmas Values‚ which we define as those norms and principles that many or most members of a social system perceive to be important‚ are fundamental to social work practice. In some ways‚ values are similar to theories—they provide a framework for understanding and analyzing situations. Ethics are similar to models—they provide guidelines for practice. One can feel strongly about something‚ but acting on that feeling involves ethical behavior‚ which is the operationalization of
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Customer Value Proposition in Value Markets Business houses that are our customers are under constant pressure to cut down their cost. With this concern at the back of their mind‚ out of the sales pitch‚ they mainly concentrate on the price quoted to them. In such cases‚ the supplier needs to demonstrate the core value offerings/ benefits with extra vigor to persuade the customer to make the purchase. Marketing managers tend to neglect the real contribution of value propositions to superior business
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From brand values to customer value Martin Christopher Recently there has been a growing tide of articles‚ papers and even conferences devoted to the question of the future of marketing (see‚ for example Brady and Davis‚ 1993; Coopers & Lybrand‚ 1993; Mitchell‚ 1994). Essentially‚ the point at issue is whether “traditional” marketing is appropriate for the conditions that now prevail in the late twentieth century. The basic principle of marketing still applies‚ that is the focus of the business
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229.07 Therefore the total cost today of your children’s college expense will be the addition of the 2 = $72‚326.88 This is the present value of my annual savings‚ which are an annuity‚ so to get the amount I am supposed to save each year would be: PV=72‚326.88 N=15 I=5.5 CPT PMT = 7‚205.6 57. Calculating Annuity Values: Bilbo Baggins wants to save money to meet three objectives. First‚ he would like to be able to retire 30 years from now with retirement income
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------------------------------------------------- FINC5001 Capital Market and Corporate Finance ------------------------------------------------- Workshop 5 – Capital Budgeting II 1. Basic Concepts Review a) In applying Net Present Value‚ what factors do we include‚ and what factors do we ignore? Use cash flows not accounting income Ignore * sunk costs * financing costs Include * opportunity costs * side effects * working capital * taxation * inflation
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gordijn@cs.vu.nl 1 Introduction Companies increasingly form networked value constellations to jointly satisfy a complex need. Well known examples include the networked business model of Cisco Systems [Tapscott‚ D.‚ Ticoll‚ D.‚ & Lowy‚ A.‚ 2000] and the virtual integration of Dell Computers [Magretta‚ J.‚1998]. In a value constellation‚ a series of enterprises and final customers co-produce things of economic value‚ using network technology such as the Internet to coordinate this process. By
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