COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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National Economy Professor Heinowitz 1.) Explain why increasing opportunity cost is not caused by increasing inefficiency. 2.) Explain why the following statement is incorrect: “Income and output are two entirely different things.” 3.) Explain how Keynes’ economic principles and Supply-side economics are related. 4.) How do externalities determine the extent of the involvement of government in the national economy? 5.) Support or refute the following statement: “Since business investment
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ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST FREDUCTION SUBMITTED BY‚ MOHAMMED NAFAISE E.K ROLL NO: 1600 COST CONTROLL & COST REDUCTION COST CONTROL The practice of managing and/or reducing business expenses. Cost controls starts by the businesses identifying what their costs are and evaluate whether those costs are reasonable and affordable .Then if necessary
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Initial investment An initial investment is the money a business owner needs to start up a firm. It might include the business owner’s own money‚ money borrowed from an array of sources including family and friends or banks‚ or capital raised from investors. The term initial investment is also used as the money a business owner uses to invest in a capital investment venture such as a piece of equipment or a building. IRR The higher a projects internal rate of return‚ the
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Principle: Establish a Cooperative Socio Moral Atmosphere Keywords/ Phrases: mutual respect‚ relationship‚ atmosphere‚ promote‚ morals‚ cooperation‚ thinking‚ creative‚ encouragement‚ minimize authority‚ safe and secure‚ interest‚ community‚ reflect‚ care‚ development‚ independently‚ consider child’s point of view Reflections on Readings and Class Discussion: After reading the two articles‚ connecting them to the socio moral principle in a statement would be; for a child to have an established
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National Interest The world politics revolves round the term national interest. The history is as old as the history of world. The concept of National interest is indistinct and carries a meaning according to the milieu in which it is used by the states. The term national interest gained currency with the emergence of nation state system following the end of WWII‚ National interest become a tool to increase political control and the expansion of economic relations (Thompson‚ 1966). National interest
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FINANCIAL INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Before starting to explain the details of investing is necessary to be clear about the aspect I believe is the most important into every business activity: The Knowledge. The knowledge is the factor that puts an investor into a better position respect than another one‚ knowing what is surrounding you and how it works is vital in order to make a successful business activity‚ specially investing. No big countries will exist without big companies and societies
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background of national income …………………………………………………3 1.2. Overview of issues of National income in the world………………………………………3 SECTION 2……………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1. Definition of national income ………………………..........................................................5 2.2. Factors that determine national income…………………………………………………...6 2.3. Methods to measure national income………………………………………………………6 2.4. Treatment of national income from abroad………………………………………………...8 2.5. Uses of national income
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need. The nursing experience is one not easily forgotten‚ but often taken for granted. Nurses and their value have been weighted more heavily in the past 10 years for its relevance to the survival of medicine. The nursing shortage has created a national outcry for the need to encourage nursing as a career. “As the nursing shortage peaked nurses who were left at the bedside found working conditions unacceptable and many left the profession in search of other work”.(Allen‚ Jan-Feb 2008‚ p. 35)
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Investment Appraisal Investment: Spending money into something with an expectation of making profit/ increasing wealth in the future Investment Appraisal: Is a process of evaluating the attractiveness of an investment proposal using various techniques/methods‚ Methods Payback period Accounting rate of return (ARR – ROCE) Investment appraisal Internal rate of return (IRR) Pay Back Period (PBP) The Payback Period (PBP) - The time taken
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