Tax & Taxation The term ’tax’ has been derived from the French word taxe and etymologically‚ the Latin word taxare is related to the term ’tax’‚ which means ’to charge’. Tax is an obligatory payment in the part of the citizen without the expectation of any direct benefit. Taxation is the obligation of non-penal‚ yet compulsory transfer of resources from the private to the public sector levied on a basis of predetermined criteria and without reference to specific benefit received. It is one of the
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Abandoning the traditional book layout of chapters‚ Brigid Lowry brings into play new styles of writing in her novel Guitar Highway Rose (1997‚ McPherson’s Printing Group). One of which is stream of consciousness’ where the character’s immediate thoughts are written as they are onto the pages‚ creating a better understanding of the character. The use of multiple narrating perspectives and narrator intrusion in the novel allows the reader to see problems from different perspectives. Lowry also uses
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AUTHORITY‚ ACCOUNTABILITY & RESPONSIBILITY By Yusop B. Masdal I. INTRODUCTION Delegation (or deputation) is the assignment of authority and responsibility to another person (normally from a manager to a subordinate) to carry out specific activities (Blair‚ gerald 2002). However the person who delegated the work remains accountable for the outcome of the delegated work. Delegation empowers a subordinate to make decisions‚ i.e. it is a shift of decision-making authority from one organizational
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The Tennessee Valley Authority Introduction The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was the first large regional planning agency created by the United States Government in May of 1933. The TVA was one of the most innovative and significant ideas of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to help tackle the economic‚ social‚ and political problems in the Tennessee Valley‚ a region with no economic growth and was heavily impacted before and after the Great Depression. The TVA is a federally owned
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Power and Authority‚ Legitimacy By Stacey Ellis The idea of Authority is to look at two other concepts that give authority its meaning‚ such as power and if that is legitimate. In order to have Authority over something or someone you must have its power and how it is able to influence the person this can be used through manipulation or threats towards them‚ but the power that has a legitimate purpose is if the threats and manipulation is not needed. If you have a government and they are ruling
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Delegation of authority The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her authority commensurate with the assigned task to a subordinate commander. While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished‚ delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility. The extent of the authority delegated must be clearly stated. Delegating It is impractical for the supervisor to handle all of the work of the department directly. In order to meet the organization’s
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the resolution “We should question authority” the following parts are vague: “we”‚ “question” and “authority”. By we I mean all people‚ by question I mean to think rationally about it and by authority I mean anybody who has to power to give us orders. Unfortunately in everyday live a lot of people follow orders blindly leading to dangerous situations. 3. Therefore I made the following case: “We should think rationally before following orders from the authority”. Points: 1st point 1. My first
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When obeying authority one can often loose thought of morals and beliefs. In the experiments the men obey the authority figure by doing cruel things they would not usually do. These experiments turn mentally stable men into a person willing to inflict harsh punishments on innocent people while following orders. Night by Elie Wiesel‚ The Milgram Shock Experiment‚ and the stanford prison experiment shows how obedience to an authority can cause people to stray from their conscience. In the Stanford
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DIRECTING Definition- it’s the interpersonal aspect of managing by which subordinates are led to understand and contribute effectively and efficiently to the attainment of enterprise objectives. A good leader evokes zeal and confidence in subordinates. Without this quality the enterprise may be superbly organized and staffed and many have excellent plans but its performance may be mediocre. The human factor Organizations are set up with complements of the productive factors i.e. material
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Argument from authority The basic structure of such arguments is as follows: Professor X believes A‚ Professor X speaks from authority‚ therefore A is true. Often this argument is implied by emphasizing the many years of experience‚ or the formal degrees held by the individual making a specific claim. The converse of this argument is sometimes used‚ that someone does not possess authority‚ and therefore their claims must be false. (This may also be considered an ad-hominen logical fallacy – see
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