Would you drink it? Those that live near natural gas hydro-fractured wells have had to ask themselves that question. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking‚ as it’s commonly called‚ is a process of extracting natural gas from deep within the earth’s surface by drilling. Once a well is drilled‚ millions of gallons of water‚ sand and chemicals are injected‚ under high pressure‚ into a well. The pressure fractures the shale and forces open fissures that allow natural gas to flow more freely out of the well
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including oil and natural gas. Hydraulic fracturing involves the pressurized injection of a mixture of water‚ chemicals‚ and sand in underground formations to allow natural gas and oil to flow more freely from rock pores to the surface. (Watershed Council p.1) A modification of this technique‚ called slickwater fracking‚ was used in Texas in 1998 to drill for natural gas from the Barnett Shale. Massive hydraulic fracturing treatments have been done in German tight sandstone gas wells since 1975
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INTRODUCTION From natural gas‚ crude oils‚ and other fossil materials such as coal‚ few intermediates are produced that are not hydrocarbon compounds. The important intermediates discussed here are hydrogen‚ sulfur‚ carbon black‚ and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas consists of a nonhydrocarbon mixture (H2‚CO) obtain- able from more than one source. It is included in this chapter and is fur- ther noted in Chapter 5 in relation to methane as a major feedstock for this mixture. This chapter discusses
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domestic oil and gas consumption will grow significantly over the next two decades. In order to improve the balance of trade and make us less dependent on foreign countries for our oil‚ new domestic supplies of oil and gas are needed to be explored and produced. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge‚ located in the northeast corner of Alaska is considered for oil and gas development since it potentially holds billions of barrels of recoverable oil and trillions of cubic feet of recoverable gas. Oil companies
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Common primary energy sources are coal‚ oil‚ natural gas‚ and biomass (such as wood). Other primary energy sources available include nuclear energy from radioactive substances‚ thermal energy stored in earth’s interior‚ and potential energy due to earth’s gravity. The major primary and secondary energy sources are shown in Figure 1.1 Primary energy sources are mostly converted in industrial utilities into secondary energy sources; for example coal‚ oil or gas converted into steam and electricity.
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What Is Fracking and Why Is It Controversial? Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Hydraulic fracturing is the most popular method of exploitation of gas and oil from shale formations. After discovering hydraulic fracturing it has become possible at all production of hydrocarbons from unconventional deposits. Despite the many advantages of hydraulic fracturing raises a
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communities and residents. A PhD recipient from Duke University‚ Dr.Richard Anderson‚ claims that the federal government needs to have certain limitations on national fracking protocol. Otherwise‚ he argues greater environmental issues with the oil and gas industries may arise. Many recent articles and research have agreed with Dr. Anderson in the conclusion that water contamination and greater health risks may occur if the government does not provide a solution. The Texas legislature should ban or minimize
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PCRA aims at making oil conservation a national movement. As part of its mandate‚ PCRA is entrusted with the task of creating awareness amongst the masses about the importance‚ methods and benefits of conserving petroleum products & emission reduction. To take the message to the people‚ PCRA uses all possible and effective media for mass communication. These include electronic and press media e.g. TV‚ Radio‚ Electronic displays; Press at the National and State level printed literature for specific
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National Flag of BRUNEI | | | Economy - overview: | | Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship‚ government regulation‚ welfare measures‚ and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for just over half of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia‚ and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all
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competitive advantages to maximize value from existing assets and capture new opportunities. Major business strategies – Upstream – grow profitably in core areas‚ build new legacy positions and commercialize the company’s equity natural gas resource base while growing a high-impact global gas business. Downstream – improve returns and grow earnings across the value chain. Technology – differentiate performance through technology; invest in profitable renewable energy and energy efficiency solutions. Financial
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