since 1955. Presently PPLcontributes around 25% of the country’s total natural gas production. It is also one of the market leaders in termsof its holdings of exploration area. Out of 242‚714 sq.kms area under exploration in Pakistan‚ PPL holds thesecond largest share‚ more than 22% in joint venture with partners. PPL is aggressive in exploration but at thesame time conservative in selecting drilling sites.It has discovered eight gas and three oil fields. PPL has working interest in 24 exploration blocks
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have promoted global commerce and are behind many of the greatest technological and social innovations of our day. “Fossil fuel is made up of‚ oxidized and decayed animal and vegetable materials‚ specifically coal‚ peat‚ lignite‚ petroleum and natural gas” (Sica‚ 2011). We retrieve these fuels from under the ground and under water and then use this for electricity. The problem with this method is the over spill into the oceans and above ground. Some of the major oil spills that have occurred that
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Eini Laaksonen Political risks of foreign direct investment in the Russian gas industry – The Shtokman gas field project in the Arctic Ocean Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute 14/2010 ISSN 1795 - 5076 Political risks of foreign direct investment in the Russian gas industry – The Shtokman gas field project in the Arctic Ocean Eini Laaksonen1 14/2010 Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute www.tse.fi/pei 1 Eini Laaksonen is Research Associate at the Pan-European
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potential dangers becomes an essential piece of the renewable energy picture. Hydraulic fracturing‚ or fracking‚ is the technique of extracting oil and natural gas trapped under ground by injecting a mixture of water‚ sand‚ and chemicals into the earth with enough pressure to fracture the rock-bed‚ and allow the oil and gas to be collected [1]. Natural gas is the cleanest burning hydrocarbon and will play an integral role in the future as we transition to renewable energy sources [2]. Despite
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and artistic director of international WOW Company‚ Josh Fox. The film won six awards including Special Jury Prize in 2010 Sundace Film Festival and was also nominated for an Academy Awards for best documentary in 2011. The film shows effects of natural gas drilling on water sources and the environment. It also shows the influence of big businesses on legislatures that leaves the very own people who elected them to represent‚ unheard‚ ignored‚ misrepresented and hopeless. It is the best work of Josh
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utilized to extract natural gases from the earth. This essay will discuss the process‚ dangers and loopholes in regulation of this industry.We must understand how hydraulic fracking works. Hydraulic fracking works by extracting natural gas in deep natural gas wells. Once a well is drilled‚ millions of gallons of water‚ sand‚ and proprietary chemicals are injected‚ under high pressure into the well. The pressure acts as mini earthquakes to fracture the ground allowing the gas to flow more freely.
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CH4. It is the simplest alkane‚ and the principal component of natural gas. Methane’s bond angles are 109.5 degrees. Burning methane in the presence of oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However‚ because it is a gas at normal temperature and pressure‚ methane is difficult to transport from its source. It is generally transported in bulk by pipeline in its natural gas form‚ or LNG carriers in its liquefied form; few countries transport
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summed up in five steps: the first step is to drill a hole‚ the second step is to pump the hole with a pressurized mixture of water‚ sand‚ and chemicals‚ the third step is to take out the mixture out of the hole‚ the fourth step is to reel in the natural gas that comes out of the hole‚ the final step is to insert the water mixture back into the hole and seal it back up (Huffman). The fresh water that has been used up in the Fracking process cannot be purified again through neither the water cycle nor
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kistan is most likely to face a major energy crisis in natural gas‚ power and oil in the next three to four years that could choke the economic growth for many years to come‚ official estimates and energy experts suggest. Pakistan’s total energy requirement would increase by about 48 per cent to 80 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) in year 2010 from about 54 MTOE currently‚ but major initiatives of meeting this gap are far from turning into reality‚ said a former petroleum minister on condition
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Chapter 8 Renewable Energy Part 1 Where do we get energy from ? PLANETARY ENERGY RESOURCES Non-Renewable Sources • Fossil-fuel sources of energy: • Coal • Gas • Oil • During earlier periods of the Earth’s history‚ fossilization of biological material created the deposits of coal‚ oil and gas‚ of which at least 1023 Joule is presently believed to be recoverable in a form suitable for fuel uses (Sorensen‚ 2011). • Nuclear energy may be released in large quantities from nuclear reactions (Sorensen
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