Utilitarianism Let me begin by defining Utilitarianism: utilitarianism is the belief of doing what is right for the greater number of people. It is a theory used to determine the usefulness of the happiest outcome and how it will affect everyone else. Now‚ this sounds like a amazing theory‚ what would be better than making yourself and others happy? I found myself at first agreeing with this theory up until I really looked into it. At first I found myself thinking that not everything is about
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Utilitarianism states “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness‚ wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” (pg. 863). What this means is that actions are right when the majority of people benefits from it. This principle is assessed based on the consequences of the action‚ rather than the action itself. Therefore‚ utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. If the outcome comes out positive and is useful for majority of the people‚ it is considered morally
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Here we have some highlights of how the natural selection works and some of the evolutionary forces that drive evolution: The natural selection operates in base of the difference between de reproductive successes of the individuals. The genes of the most successful individuals (the ones that reproduces more) appears more in the next generation. If an individual cannot survive it will not be able to reproduce. Because of that natural selection is NOT RANDOM and can act really quickly. (Charlat et
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Evolution is the changing of gene frequency in a population over time. Natural selection is where animals with advantageous characteristics produce more offspring‚ therefore passing down favoured genes. In the more developed parts of the world‚ medical care and access to food means natural selection is lesser‚ as selective forces that were there before e.g some diseases and predators‚ are no longer there. Therefore‚ some humans that have characteristics that would have previously meant they produce
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1. The Super Express Fund Case shows that urgency doesn’t help to explain the difference in your moral judgments. It does this by making the envelope case (non-urgent)‚ an urgent case. Even then‚ if you don’t donate the money which could have been used to save the most urgently needy child‚ no one will think of you as morally wrong. 2. We are obligated to help even those people who‚ if saved‚ would live a wretched life because if you didn’t save them‚ it could have negative impacts on other people
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Let’s look at western’s thoughts on evil. There are two types of evil‚ moral‚ and natural evil. Moral evil is all things that are bad and we hold morally responsible‚ and Natural Evil are those terrible things that happen naturally. An example of natural evil are hurricanes‚ tornados‚ sink holes and floods‚ because they all occur naturally which is out of our hands. Both cause human and animal suffrage which both are prevalent in are world. If god is all perfect‚ and good‚ why would he allow such
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According to Freud‚ humans act on instinct at the most basic level. This means that when society does not exist and man is on his own‚ he will act purely on natural instinct; the desire for reproduction‚ food‚ safety. When society enters the picture individual behavior begins to be developed by culture and those around them. But Plato says when necessity arises and society cannot supply that necessity‚ one must revert to instinctual fit behavior driven by selfish desires to survive. Instinct still
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Act Utilitarianism The theory of Utilitarianism was first developed by Jeremy Bentham who was a philosopher of the 18th century. Bentham developed this theory to create a modern and rational approach to morality which would suit the changing society. Bentham’s theory Act Utilitarianism has many strengths and weaknesses. A Strength is that this theory is considers the consequences and happiness which an action has created. This is because Act Utilitarianism is a teleological theory where actions
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Utilitarianism is a teleological theory in normative ethics‚ this essentially means that the theory is one in which looks at the consequences of an action to determine if it is right or wrong. The theory of Utilitarianism mainly derives from the concept of utility which in this context is defined as something which is beneficial or conducive to the well-being of the maximum number. There are two main scholars of Utilitarianism‚ one of which is Jeremy Bentham and who is regarded as the founder of
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Mill and Kant’s ethics‚ I will discuss that Mill and Kant has the common part on consciousness and reason. I will then turn to Mill’s claim that the central claim of utilitarianism is that an action’s rightness or wrongness derives from the extent to which it maximizes (or fails to maximize) happiness. I will argue Mill’s utilitarianism is considerably more plausible than it has been thought‚ once we interpret it from the first-person point of view. I will discuss that understanding the claim from
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