and minor head injuries include: o loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes o confusion; memory and/or concentration problems o dizziness o headache o memory loss (amnesia) of events before the injury or immediately after it o nausea and vomiting o altered level of consciousness‚ such as being drowsy or difficult to awaken • Contusion: A bruise of the brain tissue often associated with swelling
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Implications: keep urine slightly alkaline to prevent urine acid stones from forming; IV dose should be given as a single infusion. (kidney stones‚ kidney failure‚ gouty arthritis) Colchicine: used during an acute attack * Side Effects: nausea‚ vomiting‚ diarrhea‚ dizziness‚ alopecia headaches‚ frequent urination * Nursing Implications: Monitor effectiveness of therapy‚ both as to pain control and monitoring uric acid levels‚ monitor for toxicity‚ IV administration can cause phlebitis‚
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with risk for coronary artery disease (contraindicated) Pain at site of s.c. injection for sumatriptan Oral administration results in paresthesia‚ asthenia and fatigue‚ flushing‚ pressure or tightness in chest‚ neck and jaw‚ drowsiness‚ dizziness‚ nausea‚ sweating 15 Antimigraine Therapy Triptans Contraindicated in patients with coronary artery disease‚ ischemia‚ or cerebrovascular disease Also contraindicated in patients taking MAO inhibitors Other Treatments for Migraine Ergotamine and
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| * Extracellular volume contraction and hypovolemia (but may not if water excess) * Increased intracellular water; edema * Brain cell swelling‚ irritability‚ depression‚ confusion * Systemic cellular edema‚ including weakness‚ anorexia nausea‚ and diarrhea * Edema | >155 meq/L | * Excessive hypertonic salt solutions * IV hypertonic sodium * Saline-induced abortions * Selected infant formulas * Hyperaldosteronism * Cushing syndrome | Hypervolemia: * Weight gain *
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THE ULTIMATE PRE REG BNF NOTES IMPORTANT MONITORING DRUGS 1. AMIODARONE Treatment of arrhythmias Loading Dose: 200mg tds for 7 days‚ then 200mg bd for 7 days then 200mg daily maintenance. Important side effects: Nausea‚ Vomiting‚ Taste disturbance‚ Pulmonary toxicity‚ Reversible corneal micro-deposits‚ Phototoxicity‚ Slate grey discolouration‚ Tremor‚ Sleep disorder‚ Hypo/hyperthyroidism‚ Jaundice. Monitoring: LFTs‚ Thyroid function tests required before treatment‚ then every 6 months. Measure
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diarrhoea and vomiting. The food also helps the gut to recover and absorb water. Rice soup Ingredients: 1 cup rice 4 cups water 2 tablespoons pounded groundnuts 2-4 teaspoons shredded/ pounded green leafy vegetables 1 light two-finger pinch of salt a. Put the rice and water in the pot and cook b. Cover the pot and cook until soft. c. Options: add pounded groundnuts‚ grated carrots‚ pumpkin‚ sweet potato and finely chopped garlic. NB: Good for coping with lack of appetite‚ nausea / vomiting
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infected with food borne organisms might have symptoms ranging from mild cramping and intestinal discomfort to severe nausea and diarrhea‚ accompanied by dehydration. Depending on the type and severity of the infection‚ food poisoning can be easily treated or may require hospitalization. In extreme cases‚ food poisoning can result in death. Symptoms of food poisoning include: nausea‚ vomiting‚ abdominal pain and/or cramping‚ diarrhea‚ fever and/or chills‚ and dehydration. There are hundreds of different
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from food sources is not harmful in large amounts but may cause skin discolorations. However‚ supplemental vitamin A can be toxic. According to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University‚ acute vitamin A toxicity is rare but can cause nausea‚ headache‚ fatigue‚ loss of appetite‚ dizziness‚ dry skin and swelling of the brain. Side effects of chronic vitamin A toxicity include dry and itchy skin‚ loss of appetite‚ headache‚ swelling of the brain and bone and joint pain. Vitamin D Vitamin
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Hydroxyzine (Vistaril): Classification: antiemetic‚ Anti-anxiety‚ antihistamine‚ sedative hypnotic Perioperative use: control of nausea and vomiting as adjunct to analgesia pre-op and post-op‚ to allow decreased opioid dosage. (pg 466) Adverse reactions: drowsiness‚ agitation‚ ataxia‚ dizziness‚ headache‚ weakness‚ wheezing‚ dry mouth‚ bitter taste‚ constipation‚ nausea‚ urinary retention‚ chest tightness. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; OB‚ Severe hepatic dysfunction‚ Geriatric patients are
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Piperazine (generic‚ Vermizine) Oral: piperazine citrate tablets equivalent to 250 mg of the hexahydrate; piperazine citrate syrup equivalent to 500 mg of the hexahydrate per 5 mL Praziquantel (Biltricide; others outside the USA) Oral: 600 mg tablets (other strengths outside the USA) Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth‚ Combantrin‚ Pin-rid‚ Pin-X) Oral: 50 mg (base)/mL suspension; 62.5 mg (base) capsules (available without prescription in the USA) Suramin (Bayer 205‚ others) Parenteral: ampules containing
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