Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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Managerial and Financial Accounting ACCT/300: Principles of Accounting April 9‚ 2008 Managerial and Financial Accounting This paper will attempt to differentiate between managerial and financial accounting‚ the users of managerial and financial accounting and what type of business decisions would be made with the information. Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting provides accounting information to managers who are inside an organization and who directs and controls its operations
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Faculty of Business & Economic Department Of Accounting Seminar ACCT 437 " Environmental Accounting" Prepared By SHADEN ALMASRI "1090418" Supervised By ADNAN ABU HUMMOUS 2012_2013 | | الاهداء من شكرت جميل صنعكم بدمعي .....ودمع العين مقياس الشعور الى من بالحب غمروني وبجميل الاخلاق علموني....... الى من احببتهم حتى سار حبهم في الوجدان ........... الى من امرني ربي بطاعتهم والاحسان ............ابي وأمي............ الى من يحملون في عيونهم ذكريات طفولتي وشبابي
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The Importance Of Accounting In Our Modern Society Accounting is a very important term to our modern society. It is the career for men and women who at the start have their eyes set on top positions in industry‚ management‚ government‚ and general business. Accounting is a basic need of every businessmen‚ from the operator of a filling station to the government of the United States. It’s so important to our society. None of the business organization can operate without is. They
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Q1: Do the traditional accounting practices that the Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass production process have value in a lean environment? Explain the specific reasons that support your answer. In general‚ we do not think that traditional accounting practices that Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass production would fit into the lean accounting environment. The differences between the two accounting methods make the traditional accounting hard to work for the lean environment
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Cost accounting 4-37 General ledger relationships‚ under- and overallocation. The solution assumes all materials used are direct materials. A summary of the T-accounts for Needham Company before adjusting for under- or overallocation of overhead follows: Direct Materials Control Work-in-Process Control 1-1-2008 30‚000 Purchases 400‚000 Material used for manufacturing 380‚000 1-1-2008 20‚000 Direct materials 380‚000 Transferred to finished goods 940‚000 12-31-2008 50‚000 Direct manuf.
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In- House Vs Outsourced Accounting Services We have mentioned time to time how important it is for a business entity to have a good accounting department and have up to date and accurate accounting books. A business entity will require an accounting information so as to enable it manage and control its finances and resources. It also needs it for it to be able to improve on its level of profit earning‚ should it realizes it is declining in its profitability level. But most small to midsized companies
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The lean accounting method was first developed and introduced by Toyota and other Japanese companies. Toyota executives claim that the famed Toyota Production System was inspired by what they learned during visits to the Ford Motor Company in the 1920s and developed by Toyota leaders such as Taiichi Ohno and consultant Shigeo Shingo after World War II. As pioneer American and European companies embraced lean manufacturing methods in the late 1980s‚ they discovered that lean thinking must be applied
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HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING Primitive Accounting Traced as far as 8500 BC in Mesopotamia through the use of clay like: a. Record for paid wages b. Record purposes‚ as general Pyramids in Egypt‚ for the costs of structures Other places like China‚ Babylon‚ and Greece Middle Ages More formal account-keeping methods were developed by the merchants and banks. Double-entry records first appeared in Genoa in 1340 AD. First accounting book was written by Contrugli in Naples Summa de Arithmetica
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GREEN ACCOUNTING: ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING As we all know‚ businesses are formed to deliver services or produce products in order to earn a profit. In the 21st century accounting goes beyond the bottom line of black or red � � it includes �green�‚ too. With the growing green consumer awareness‚ companies are more than ever expected to align its business strategies with environmental initiatives. Environmentally conscious companies have already discovered that they can generate business strategies
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