Damian Niebler Period 05 March 7‚ 2013 Topic F (Chapter 12) 1. a. The outside the target with: I. The lowest TB cure rate – Malawi II. The highest TB cure rate – Mauritius b. Percentage of all cases of TB in Benin that are cured is -40 positive negative 2%. c. Two reasons why countries should aim to be in the target zone: • High detection rate combined with high cure rate slows down spread of TB • High detection rate combined with
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nutrients)‚ pore spaces‚ water‚ gases‚ organic matter‚ living organisms‚ and plants (Thien‚ 2002). The soil is said to be stable structurally and chemically thus is considered an outstanding medium for soil organisms such as bacteria‚ fungi‚ protozoa‚ nematodes‚ arthropods‚ and earthworms. The potential habitats of these soil invertebrates are the spaces within the surface litter‚ holes in soil aggregates and pore spaces‚ root channels‚ etc. Soil arthropods are vital link in the food chain as decomposers
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worms that belong to the phylum Nematoda are said to have three germ layers. Nematodes generally have unsegmented bodies and they have a thick‚ flexible cuticle that molts four times as they grow bigger. Their muscles can be found beneath the epidermis and extends along the body of the round worm. Hydrostatic skeleton is formed by the longitudinal muscle pulling against the cuticle and pseudocoel (Raven et al‚ 2005). Nematodes can move by changing the shape of its fluid filled compartments when muscles
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beneath our feet. But by taking a closer look‚ soil appears to be more lively and complex with organisms including archaea‚ bacteria‚ actinomycetes‚ fungi‚ algae‚ protozoa‚ and a wide variety of larger soil fauna‚ including springtails‚ mites‚ nematodes‚ earthworms‚ ants‚ insects that spend all or part of their life underground‚ and larger organisms such as burrowing rodents. All of these are important in making up the environment we call soil and in bringing about numerous transformations that
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being how autophagy and the IGF pathway share an interesting relationship. It is already known that IGF-1/Insulin signaling pathway promotes reproductive growth and survival. It was found in C. elegans that insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway cause the nematodes to enter the ‘dauer larva’ stage because of lack of nutrition and other factors; and‚ resulted in altered tissue aging from mutations in the IGF pathway‚ as well. Another interesting concept of the IGF pathway concerning autophagy is that the TOR
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Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter provides an overview of the topics and researches that are related with the Anthelmintic property of Flavonoids from leaves of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) against Ascaris suum‚ the disease‚ the constituent used‚ the plant‚ and related reliable published works. The World Health Organization - Representative Office in the Philippines stated in one of their articles that the Philippines is endemic of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH)
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at the high energy swash zone. The results showed a great variation of species present in the estuary system. Results showed that calanoid copepods were in great abundance on the beach side accounting for 85 percent of the zooplankton measured. Nematodes were the only species found in the meiofaunal samples. There was 34.18 ind.m2 of macrofauna. No fish species was netted in on the beach side and this could be due to the low tide that was currently in bay while sampling was conducted at that sampling
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Abstract: : The purpose of studying the biological organisms in the Mpenjati estuary-beach system is to distinguish between organisms and estimate diversity within the estuary found at different locations along the estuary-beach profile in accordance with factors affecting the daily routines of these marine life and other aspects in which these organisms concur with. The organisms found in these waters play an important role in the ecosystems they function in therefore it is imperative to seek a
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Scientists study a particular biological phenomenon on a model organism and try to relate their findings to other types of organisms that are more difficult to study. As an example‚ 60% of human disease genes have an equivalent in the fruit fly and nematode worm. Multiple types of species are used as model organisms and some are used more frequently than others. The more one species is used as a model‚ the more data it has been collected about it‚ making it more interesting for other scientists in researching
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Investigation 1. Background 1.1. Biology and Life Cycle of Equine Parasitic Roundworms (Nematodes) All grazing horses are infected with nematodes according the American Association of Equine Practitioners (2013). However‚ the impact on the health of the horse depends on the level of infection. Understanding how these parasites interact with the environment and host is crucial to finding ways on how to control them. Nematodes form three life-cycle stages: eggs‚ larvae (which undergo four metamorphoses)
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