Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) Surname Initial(s) Signature 4325/2H Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Biology Paper 2H Team Leader’s use only Higher Tier Wednesday 11 May 2005 – Morning Time: 2 hours Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil 6 7 8 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number and candidate number‚ your surname
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sodium Na ions out of the cell and potassium ions in. These ions create a concentration gradient which will incur either a resting potential or an action potential thus sending a message down the neurone. Another adaption to the membrane occurs in the nephron. The loop of henle has proteins in the membrane which pump out‚ by means of active transport‚ ions to suck out the water from the urea to retain it. This countercurrent
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Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct answers from the following: 1. _________ described the circulation of blood in 13th century. (Bu Ali Sina‚ Ali Bin Isa‚ Ibn-Al Nafees) 2. Each fore limb of frog has _________ fingers. (4‚ 5‚ 6) 3. Fruit is formed by the enlargement of _________. (Stigma‚ Style‚ Ovary) 4. The earthworm belongs to the phylum _________. (Nematoda‚ Annelida‚ Mollusca) 5. The saliva contains an enzyme known as _________‚ which acts on carbohydrates
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SUMMARY Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyperfiltration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glomerulus and corresponding tubule). The cause for CRF sometimes can be determined by a detailed medical history‚ a comprehensive physical examination‚ and laboratory studies. CRF are common in patients who have multiple myeloma ( cancer
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Your “Fantastic Voyage!” is continuing. You are still a video reporter piloting a mini-sub that has been put through a miniaturization process making you and the sub only 8 microns long. This time‚ you have been swallowed by a 55 year old man eating a hamburger‚ french fries and a root beer. 1.For the first portion of the mission‚ you are to pilot your sub through the gastrointestinal tract to monitor the digestion of his meal. Describe all major structures you pass by or through‚ just like a
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This project is based on ‘The Excretory System’. It has vital information such: What it is‚ the functions‚ what makes it up‚ the importance of the system in physical activity and what happens if the system does not work. It contains diagrams‚ pictures and even interesting facts. Enjoy! Acknowlegement We would like to thank the Lord for providing us with the ability to put together this project. We would like to our parents for helping us to gather and put all this information together
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available at cell phone. The radiations of mobile may be dangerous to health and may cause headache‚ earache and blurring vision. These invisible hygienic radiations destroy the cells located in ear and head region which causes damage to the brain and nephrons in head region. Its use in impropriate places causes disturbance sometimes‚ such as in classrooms etc.Mobile phones with
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Functions of liver 7. 3 steps in respiration 8. Function of cilia in respiratory tract 9. Parts of “Respiratory tree” 10. Lung structure (Alveoli) 11. Breathing mechanism (movement of diaphragm) 12. General function of kidney 13. Structure of nephron and its relation to urine formation 14. Lymphatic organs in immune system (Red bone marrow‚ thymus gland‚ lymph nodes‚ spleen) 15. Antibody/Antigen interactions 16. Lymphocytes (B cells; T cells) 17. Nonspecific defenses that protect the body
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different types of kidney diseases and each one affects the body a little differently. However‚ most kidney diseases attack the nephrons of the kidney. There are also kidney diseases in which inflammation is the main component. Kidney Diseases can be caused by genetics‚ medicines‚ or injuries. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) explains that the damage to the nephrons may leave the kidneys unable to remove wastes from the body‚ thus causing more health problems. Most kidney diseases are caused
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Amdur‚ Amodeo‚ Kimmel‚ & Palant‚ 2011). In contrast‚ chronic renal failure is a slower process‚ which causes an irreversible loss of kidney function. It can also take place after an episode of acute renal failure‚ depending on the extent of nephron loss. There are many causes of chronic renal failure but can be divided into three categories: 1) those that directly affect the kidney‚ 2) those that are cause by obstruction of the lower urinary tract‚ 3) those associated with systemic diseases
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