Fantastic Voyage Unit 9 Project Anatomy and Physiology II Fantastic Voyage. Once again my mini-sub and I will be miniaturized (8 microns long) and witnessing another ‘Fantastic Voyage’ in a human body. This time I will be swallowed by George‚ a 55 years old man‚ while he is eating his meal consisting of a hamburger‚ French fries and a soda. I will pilot my mini-sub through George’s GI (gastrointestinal tract)‚ which is the tube that starts with the mouth and proceeds to the esophagus‚ stomach
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Although aciclovir is a relatively safe drug it has important side effects. It is predominantly excreted by the kidneys‚ where it can cause renal impairment through crystalluria resulting in obstructive nephropathy. This reversible nephropathy usually manifests after 4 days of intravenous therapy and can affect up to 20% of patients. It is only rarely seen after oral valaciclovir‚ usually as an overdosage.7 Acute kidney injury secondary to acyclovir is characterized by a decrease in renal function
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Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism’s fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organism’s water content; that is‚ it keeps the organism’s fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis. The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution‚ the more water tends to move into it. Pressure must be exerted on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable
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Cardiovascular Quiz-1 Answers 1. Advantages of SELDI-TOF-MS are it gives more reproducible results in terms of the peak quantification. Also‚ it is very accurate. Moreover‚ it identifies the disease causing markers in the very short span of time with the low sample. 2. Carboxypeptidase is a type of protease enzyme. Carboxypeptidase breaks the peptide bond at the carboxyl terminal. It is used in the digestion of the food and not involves catabolism. On the other hand‚ endopeptidase is a proteolytic
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suspects that he has renal calculi. How do renal calculi form‚ how are they diagnosed and what complications might arise if Mr Jagger remains untreated? Renal calculi‚ also known as kidney stones‚ occur when glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron‚ where urine is concentrated with stone-forming salts (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Ions in the urine are capable of forming solid salts that can grow into stones (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Through the process of crystallization‚ a small nidus grows into a large
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adult is A) 60-90 B) 70-110 C) 90-140 D) 30-70 8) The preferred site for a finger stick is the A) thumb B) index finger C) little or pinkie finger D) middle finger 9) which of the following structures contains nephrons? A) Ureters B) Kidneys C) Urinary bladder D) Urethra 10) Normal urine has a A) Faint‚ characteristic odor B) strong ammonia odor C) yellow brown color D) tea color 11) Which of the following is a radiation shield
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tract infection. E. coli is the most common microbe that causes pyelonephritis. It usually begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to the kidneys. There is a chance of it spreading to the calyces and medullary tissues such as the tubules of the nephrons. If not treated the glomeruli will also be infected and inflamed. (Bullock & Hales 2013). There is both acute pyelonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis. In acute pyelonephritis‚ phagocytes and inflammatory exudate travel to the infected area blocking
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It happens when high blood glucose has a damaging effect on the kidneys. In the body‚ one of the effects of high glucose levels that extra water is pulled in the blood stream‚ which increases blood pressure. High blood pressure affects the nephrons‚ designed to filter water and certain waste products from the blood‚ in the kidneys. In an amount of time‚ the amino acids and proteins are able to escape into the urine through pores which is an indication of kidney dysfunction‚ which later can
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urine‚ this can be an indicator of damage to the glomeruli. Some other indicators of kidney function damage or glomerulonephritis within a urine test are white blood cells‚ which are an indicator of infection‚ increased proteins‚ which may indicate nephron damage‚ and increased blood levels of creatinine or urea. Kidney biopsy is a procedure to remove small pieces of the kidneys tissue for examination; a kidney biopsy is always needed to diagnose
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Ions‚ atoms and molecules are constantly in random motion; this is mainly marked in liquids and gases as they are further apart. When there is a small amount of molecules of a substance in an area and a large number is another area and they have no barrier between them the random motion causes numbers to even up; this is called diffusion. Diffusion is when molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration. The concentration gradient is when the concentration is different for each
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