DISEASE The Integration of Adult Nursing Practice Sophie Dickens CONTENTS PAGE Slide One – Introduction and aims of the presentation Slide Two – Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys - Structure Slide Three – Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys - Nephron Slide Three – Pathophysiological changes Slide Four - Signs and Symptoms Slide Five - Causes and Factors Slide Six – Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Slide Severn - Interventions Slide Eight – Implications of Nursing Care Reference List INTRODUCTION
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Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): ARBs are a class of drugs that halt the action of Angiotensin-II by blocking the binding between Angiotensin-II and Angiotensin-II receptors. This leads to reduced blood pressure as the blood vessels get dilated. This reduced blood pressure helps to ease heart failure as it now becomes easier for the heart to pump this blood. Commonly used ARBs are Irbesartan‚ candesartan‚ Losartan‚ Olmesartan‚ Telmisartan‚ valsartan‚ and azilsartan. Mechanism Angiotensin-II
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or months with this disease. To begin the discussion of GN‚ we must first look at and understand the structure of our kidneys. The interior of the kidneys is arranged in two parts‚ the outer cortex and inner medulla. Microscopic tubules called nephrons form these layers and are the functional unit of the kidneys‚ which means they are the smallest unit that can perform each function of the kidney. Each section has specialized blood vessels. When blood enters the kidneys‚ it flows from the afferent
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Chapter 10: The Triploblastic‚ Acoelomate Body Plan 1) Which of the following is not an acoelomate? a) Platyhelminthes c) Gastrotrichia b) Rotifera d) Turbellaria 2) Three important characteristics first appeared in the acoelomates. Which of the following is not one of them? a) bilateral symmetry c) an excretory system b) a true mesoderm d) nervous tissues 3) Acoelomates lack a body cavity because the __________ cells completely fills the area between the
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Diffusion‚ Osmosis and Active Transport Substances will move through the membrane by diffusion. This is the random spreading out of particles until they are even. For example‚ when you put your instant coffee in boiling water‚ the coffee particles spread out and fill the entire mug‚ this is diffusion. A second way that substances can move through the cell membrane is by osmosis. This is a special type of diffusion where water moves from a high to a low concentration through a ’partially permeable
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delicate thin cells cannot offer much protection and their chief function is to allow materials to pass through via diffusion and osmosis. Simple squamous epithelium is found in the walls of; lung alveoli‚ blood capillaries and Bowman’s capsule of nephrons. As their names propose‚ cubiodal cells are cube-shaped‚ with spherical nuclei. They often line ducts and tubes and can allow materials to pass through in a similar way to squamous epithelia. They often occur in glandular tissues making secretions
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TOPIC 6‚ 11‚ & OPTION H: HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGY Digestive System Includes all the structures that are concerned with bringing food into the body to provide for the needs of the body’s cells. Each cell in an organism relies on a continuous expenditure of energy. Fats‚ carbs‚ and proteins are broken down during cellular metabolism and the energy derived from them is used to make ATP. The digestive system deals with: Ingestion‚ which is the bringing of nutrients into the body. Mechanical
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ZOOLOGY 4700 ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY Fall 2015 - Jake Shearer‚ Jared Porter‚ Thomas Caussat‚ Steven Calderwood‚ Jeffery Gibson Termini Generales Medianus: ● Situated at or nearer to the median or midsagittal plane. Cranialis: ● Situated at or nearer to the cranium. Caudalis: ● Situated at or nearer to the tail. Rostralis: ● Situated at or nearer to the nose. Apicalis: ● Situated at or nearer to the apex. Basalis: ● Situated at or nearer to the base. Medius: ● Situated at or nearer to the midline
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type of epithelium? simple squamous epithelium Yes‚ this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs. 1) The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? simple cuboidal epithelium Yes‚ the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place. 2) The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? stratified squamous epithelium
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electrolytes -Excrete metabolic waste products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine)‚ Ureters (transport urine to bladder)‚ Bladder (stores urine)‚ Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter *GRF= 125ml/min & increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
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