Renal Physiology PART THREE Renal Acid-Base Balance 1 Acid • • • • An acid is when hydrogen ions accumulate in a solution. It becomes more acidic [H+] increases = more acidity CO2 is an example of an acid. HCl 2 H+ H+ ClH+ H+ ClH+ 7 ClpH ClCl- As concentration of hydrogen ions increases‚ pH drops Base • A base is chemical that will remove hydrogen ions from the solution • Bicarbonate is an example of a base. NaOH Na+ OH- H + ClH+ ClNa+ OHH+ ClH+ Cl- Na+ OHH+ ClNa+ OH- 2 7 pH Acids
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Case Study 15 Scenario J.F. is a 50-year-old married homemaker with a genetic autoimmune defi ciency; she has suffered from recurrent bacterial endocarditis. The most recent episodes were a Staphylococcus aureus infection of the mitral valve 16 months ago and a Streptococcus mutans infection of the aortic valve 1 month ago. During this latter hospitalization‚ an ECG showed moderate aortic stenosis‚ moderate aortic insuffi - ciency‚ chronic valvular vegetations‚ and moderate left atrial enlargement
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Role of chloroplasts in ATP production via light independent reaction Uses e.g. Active transport (carrier protein shape changes)‚ Nerve action (maintaining resting potentials via Na+/K+ pump and resynthesis of ACh)‚ selective reabsorption by nephron‚ absorption by gut‚ Calvin cycle‚ muscle contraction (cross bridge formation)‚ Biosynthesis of organic compounds‚ Contractile vacuoles‚ Translocation (loading of phloem)‚ cell division (movement of chromosomes via spindle)‚ CP formation in muscles
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Biochemistry Essential Elements of Life Carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen (96%) Calcium‚ phosphorus‚ potassium‚ sulphur (4%) Isotopes Atoms of an element that differ in neutrons Radioactive isotopes decay spontaneously‚ giving off energy Cohesion Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together Adhesion is an attraction between two substances Surface tension measures how hard it is to break the surface tension of a liquid Hydrocarbons Organic molecules consisting of only carbon
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Community College of Philadelphia Department of Biology Biology 109: Anatomy and Physiology I Course Syllabus and Laboratory Schedule CCP Main Campus: Department of Biology Office‚ Room W2-5A Department Head: Dr. Linda Powell Office Hours: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Monday – Friday (Fall & Spring) 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM Monday – Thursday (Summer I & II) Phone (215) 751-8432 Fax (215) 751-8937 E-mail: lpowell@ccp.edu Student’s Name _____________________________________ Class Section _______________________________________
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rather delicate they cannot offer much protection and their main function is to allow materials pass through via diffusion and osmosis. Simple squamous epithelium is found within the walls of: -lung alveoli -blood capillaries -Bowman’s capsule of nephrons Cuboidal epithelial cells are normally cube-shaped with spherical nuclei. They often line ducts and tube and allow other materials to pass through in a similar way to squamous epithelia. They normally occur in glandular tissues making secretions
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Part 1 of 15 - 6.67/ 8.335 Points Question 1 of 60 1.67/ 1.667 Points An organ that can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the A. hypothalamus. B. thymus gland. C. gallbladder. D. pituitary gland. E. pancreas. Answer Key: E Feedback: Good job! Question 2 of 60 1.67/ 1.667 Points Hormones that bind to receptors inside of target cells are usually A. proteins. B. second messengers. C. lipid soluble. D. prohormones. E. water soluble
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CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Setting As of today‚ smoking is one of the vices that are very common among the youth especially for the males. How the researchers came up with a statement as such can be proven just by observing what is happening around oneself. Before moving on‚ definition of smoking should first be determined. Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes‚ pipes‚ and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally‚ usually in
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OLFU – MED 2012 Pediatrics Basic Principles of Development Factors of Growth & Development Pre-Natal development 1-9 months of development Intrauterine Nutrition 6 Mechanisms of Transplacental transfer Adaptive Mechanism of oxygenation Uterine Accomodation Organ development Sensory development Nervous system Circulatory system Respiratory system Blood Immunity Lymphatic system Digestive system Urinary system Skeletal system Muscular system Cutaneous structure Temperament: A
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Text Edition (10th/11th/12th) is specified if the figure numbers are DIFFERENT in the editions. If figure numbers are the SAME‚ then the edition is not specified. ****502 Students: Read this paragraph **** If you are a 502 student using this guide‚ this is based on Dr. Rust’s lectures in Physiol 201. Topics may have been covered in more detail in 502 or the coverage or emphasis may have been different since many topics in 502 were taught by other professors- so use your notes and slides along
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