binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors‚ which activate G-proteins and opens potassium channels known as hyperpolarisation‚ while closing sodium and calcium channels (Pal and Pal‚ 2006). The action of acetylcholine in inhibiting impulse formation‚ conduction and in weakening auricular contraction‚ exhibits a stimulating effect‚ particularly on the ventricle (McDowall‚
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joint. The tight space between this fibrous band and the wrist bone is called the carpal tunnel. The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel to receive sensations from the thumb‚ index‚ and middle fingers of the hand. Any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue within the carpal tunnel can squeeze and irritate the median nerve. Irritation of the median nerve in this manner causes tingling and numbness of the thumb‚ index‚ and the middle fingers -- a condition known
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happened in the muscle when the maximal stimulus is achieved?: All the individual nerve fibers have been stimulated & responding all-or-none. What is the effect of curare on eliciting an AP?: Curare affects the synapse rather than nerve propagation. b/c curare works by blocking synaptic transmissions so that neural impulses do not travel from neuron to neuron. What is the effect of ether on eliciting an AP?: no nerve response What is the effect of lidocaine on eliciting an AP?: Blocks sodium ion
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The other complex compartmentalized nervous system is found in arthropods (see the diagram). The arthropodan brain consists of three main regions: the protocerebrum‚deutocerebrum‚ and tritocerebrum. The anterior protocerebrum‚ which receives the nerves of the eyes and other organs‚ contains centres‚ or neuropils‚ such as the optic centres and bodies known as corpora pedunculata. The neuropils function as integrative systems for the anterior sense organs‚ especially the eyes‚ and in control of movement;
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Epidemiology Etiology Pathogenesis & Pathology Clinical features Investigations Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Definition Postinfectious polyneuropathy involving mainly motor but sometimes also sensory and autonomic nerves Affects people of all ages and is not hereditary Most patients have a demyelinating neuropathy‚ but primarily axonal degeneration is documented in some cases. also known as: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)
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characterized by gradual degeneration of nerves‚ which starts in the hands and feet and results in numbness‚ muscle weakness and loss of function. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease typically occurs in 1 person per 2‚500. The disease is not fatal ‚ however ‚ the effects that it causes on the body is very detrimental ‚ especially to the individual ’s self-confidence. The disease involves damage to the covering myelin sheath around nerve fibers. In some‚ the disease causes destruction
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Neuropathy: Get the Facts on This Little-Known Nerve Disorder Neuropathy or peripheral neuropathy afflicts millions of people across this country. If you suffer from this disorder‚ your symptoms may include unexplained pain‚ tingling‚ numbness or muscle weakness. The symptoms will appear in the legs‚ feet‚ arms‚ hands and other parts of your body depending on the cause of it in a particular sufferer. When you first notice signs of the disorder‚ you should consult a doctor to receive a proper diagnosis
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median neuropathy at the wrist due to compression of the median nerve beneath the transverse carpal ligament 2; 3 ; 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome is confirmed by the identification of abnormal median nerve conduction tests across the carpal tunnel. Nerve conduction tests are essential in the confirmation of the diagnosis of suspected cases of CTS. These tests are objective tests that assess the physiological status of the median nerve across the carpal tunnel 5 ; 6. The results of electrodiagnostic
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Neuropsychological Disorders reports the most common types are CMT1‚ CMT2‚ CMT3‚ CMT4‚ and CMTX. My daughter has type CMT1A which is a sub type of CMT1. This type is caused by deformities of the myelin sheath. Although different types affect different parts of the nerves‚ every type has very similar symptoms. What are the symptoms of CMT? CMT affects the muscles of the feet and lower legs causing them to become weak. As this disease progresses‚ it can extend to the upper extremities as well. CMTA (charcot marie tooth
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ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig’s Disease By Audrea Emmons Pathophysiology • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)‚ often referred to as "Lou Gehrig’s Disease‚" is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons
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