PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS CHAPTER 6: FLUID‚ ELECTROLYTE‚ AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES Fluid Imbalance Review of Fluid Imbalance -Water carries nutrients into cells and removes wastes‚ transports enzymes in digestive secretions‚ and moves blood cells around the body. Fluid Compartments -Approximatley 60% of an adult’s body weight consists of water -Infant’s body weight is about 70% -Fluid is distributed between the intracellular compartment (ICF)‚ or fluid inside the
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of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses‚ formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Myelin sheaths three main functions include are protection of the nerve fiber‚ insulation of the nerve fiber and increasing the rate of conduction of nerve impulses. Dendrites Dendrites are a short branched extension of a nerve cell‚ along which impulses received from
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STPM/S(E)960 PEPERIKSAAN SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE) PHYSICS Syllabus Second Edition This syllabus applies for the 1999 examination and thereafter until further notice. However the form of examination for Physics stated in this booklet was first implemented in the 2001 examination as announced through a circular‚ Pemberitahuan MPM/2(AM)/2000. Teachers/candidates are to advised to contact Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia for the latest information about the
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damage to tiny hair cells in a part of your inner ear called the cochlea. These hair cells usually pick up the vibrations of sounds and send them to the brain through the auditory nerve. When they’re damaged‚ sound can’t reach that nerve. A cochlear implant skips the damaged hair cells and sends signals to the auditory nerve directly. A hearing aid sends sound vibrations entering the ear. Surviving hair cells detect the larger vibrations and changes them into neural signals that are passed along to
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M31_MARI0000_00_SE_CH31.qxd 31 3/29/11 4:45 PM R E V I E W Page 196 S H E E T NAME ____________________________________ EXERCISE LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography The Intrinsic Conduction System 1. List the elements of the intrinsic conduction system in order‚ starting from the SA node. SA node → AV node → AV bundle (bundle of His) → → Purkinje fibers left and right bundle branches At what structure in the transmission sequence
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palsy is a disease that causes paralysis in the muscles in the face. It affects the seventh cranial nerve that travels through a narrow canal in the skull which becomes inflamed‚ swollen or compressed. Typically subsides within one to nine weeks. When Bell Palsy occurs‚ the function disrupts the facial nerve‚ causing an interruption in the messages the brain sends to the facial muscles. The affected nerve causes weakness or paralysis on one side of the face‚ which leads the mouth to droop‚ resulting
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4.4 MarkingScheme For 1mark multiple-choice questions‚ 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise‚for 2 marks multiple-choice questions‚ 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. However‚for the linked answer question pair‚ where each question carries 2 marks‚ 2/3 mark will bededucted for a wrong answer to the first question only. There is no negative marking for wronganswer to the second question of the linked answer question pair. If the first question in thelinked pair is wrongly
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Basilar membrane‚ Reisner’s membrane‚ Scala Vestibuli‚ Scala Tympani‚ Scala Media) Neuron/nerve cell (parts of neuron and their function) Structure of the brain (C-SLIM‚ areas important for speech and hearing) Function Broca’s area Wernike’s area Evaluation: types /purposes for Otoscopy (purpose only) Case History (purpose only) Puretone tests (Air conduction vs. bone conduction) Pure tone average (PTA) Speech tests
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changes and feel sensations 2. Initiate responses to changes 3. Organize and store information Divisions 1. Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System – cranial nerves and spinal nerves (relays info to/from the CNS) - Autonomic Nervous System Nerve Tissue – neurons (nerve fibers) and specialized cells (Schwann‚ neuroglia) 1. Neuron cell body contains the nucleus; cell bodies are in the CNS or trunk; protected by bone 2. Axon carries impulses away from the cell
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Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node‚ also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. This delay is needed
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