spinal stenosis at this level. In addition‚ there is a disc osteophyte complex and disc space narrowing at L5-S1 with mild spinal stenosis and left greater than right mild foraminal stenosis. Furthermore‚ there is impingement upon the left L5 nerve root. EMG and nerve conduction report dated 05/06/14 revealed evidence of bilateral L5 lumbar radiculopathy and bilateral peripheral neuropathy. Per operative reports‚ IW underwent left L4-5 and L5-S1 transforaminal ESI on 11/07/2014; 05/15/2015; and 07/24/2015
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HIV and Mother to Child Transmission Introduction In the past mother-to-child transmission of HIV was the cause of death for nearly all of the children that had been diagnosed with the virus before the age of 13. This paper will discuss the causes of mother to child transmission and preventative measures in place to reduce the risk for children with mothers that are HIV positive. Mothers living in third world countries will likely have a much greater risk of transmission because they simply do
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The twelve cranial nerves include the olfactory nerve‚ optic nerve‚ oculomotor nerve‚ trochlear nerve‚ trigeminal nerve‚ abducens nerve‚ facial nerve‚ vestibulocochlear nerve‚ glossyopharyngeal nerve‚ vagus nerve‚ accessory nerve‚ and the hypoglossal nerve. Each nerve functions as sensory‚ motor‚ or both sensory and motor. Moreover‚ both the optic nerve and the trigeminal nerve carry sensory information from the eyes to the brain (Marieb & Hoehn‚ 2014‚ p.495). Meanwhile‚ the nerves that carry motor
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The contents of the pterygopalatine fossa include The terminal portion of the maxillary artery; The pterygopalatine ganglion; The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve; and branches of these structures. Maxillary Artery The third‚ or pterygopalatine portion‚ of the maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa from the infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure | Maxillary artery and its distribution
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Simplex Virus (HSV) infection involving the facial nerve and remains. It will affect about 1 in 60 people during their lifetime. Men and women are equally affected as are the right and left sides of the face. Pregnant women‚ especially during the third trimester are more prone to develop Bell’s palsy. The facial nerve‚ on its path from the brain stem to the face passes through a narrow bony canal in the base of the skull. The viral infection of the nerve is thought to produce inflammation and swelling
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trigeminal nerve‚ except for the small area over the angle of the mandible and parotid gland‚ which is supplied by the great auricular nerve (C2 and C3). The points of an outcome of sensitive branches of a trigeminal nerve project on the vertical line which has been carried out between an internal and median third of supraorbital edge. The ophthalmic nerve supplies the skin of the forehead by means of the terminal cutaneous branches. They are: supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve‚ which come
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The action of lifting an arm can seem like a thoughtless movement‚ however‚ there is complex and intricate process that goes on within the human body to make that small movement happen. It involves bones‚ muscles‚ and nerves to complete this process‚ but it would not be able to start without a certain subconscious thought beforehand. Lateral abduction of the arm is defined as raising the humerus‚ radius‚ and ulna bones to ninety degrees‚ parallel to the ground‚ with the elbow extended‚ and wrist
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separating the muscles into two osteofascial compartments: the anterior and the posterior compartments of the arm. The fascia merges with the periosteum (outer bone layer) of the humerus. The compartments contain muscles which are innervated by the same nerve and perform the same action.[citation needed] Two other muscles are considered to be partially in the arm: The large deltoid muscle is considered to have part of its body in the anterior compartment. This muscle is the main abductor muscle
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microvilli that project through pores and chemically sense food. Gustatory receptor cells communicate with cranial nerve axon endings to transmit sensation to the brain. There are five taste sensations located on the tongue. They are sweet located front middle‚ sour located middle sides‚ salty located front side/tip‚ bitter located back‚ and umami located posterior pharynx. The cranial nerves that are associated with our taste sense are VII Facial located within the tongue‚ IX Glossopharyngeal located
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Laboratory 3 Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Associated radiology modules: BRAINSTEM‚ CRANIAL NERVES Brainstem BLOOD SUPPLY The major blood supply to the brain is from two pairs of arteries‚ the vertebrals and the internal carotids. In general‚ the vertebrals supply the brainstem‚ the caudal diencephalon and the caudal and inferior cerebrum. The carotids supply the rostral thalamus and hypothalamus‚ the basal ganglia and the remainder of the cerebrum. Vertebral Branches. The vertebral arteries
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