Understanding Words * acetabul-: vinegar cup * adip-: fat * aer-: air * alb-: white * an-: without * ana-: up * anul-: ring * Apo-: away from * Append-: “to hang something”; * arth-: joint * Astr-: starlike * aud-: to hear * Ax-: axle * ax-: axis * Bi-: two * Bio-: life * blast: bud * burs-: bag‚ purse * calat-: something inserted * canal-: channel * Cardi-: referring to the heart * carp-: wrist
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throughout the central (autonomic) nervous system and peripheral (somatic) nervous system where it binds to and stimulates cholinergic receptors‚ specifically muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (Mileson et al. 1998). The autonomic nervous system controls visceral functions in the body and ACh acts at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors present at effector organs such as heart‚ eyes‚ glands‚ respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary functions of
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ARTHROPODS The other complex compartmentalized nervous system is found in arthropods (see the diagram). The arthropodan brain consists of three main regions: the protocerebrum‚deutocerebrum‚ and tritocerebrum. The anterior protocerebrum‚ which receives the nerves of the eyes and other organs‚ contains centres‚ or neuropils‚ such as the optic centres and bodies known as corpora pedunculata. The neuropils function as integrative systems for the anterior sense organs‚ especially the eyes‚ and in control
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The "Fight or Flight" response The flight or fight response‚ also called the "acute stress response" was first described by Walter Cannon in the 1920s as a theory that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system.[4] [5] In response to acute stress‚ acetylcholine is released from preganglionic sympathetic nerves that innervate the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. As a consequence‚ the chromaffin cells secrete the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline)
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Nervous‚ Muscular‚ skeletal‚ cardiovascular‚ Integumentary. 1) The humerus‚ biceps‚ triceps‚ skin‚ and all veins and arteries in the arm. 2) The nervous system was most likely not reattached because it’s way too difficult/probably impossible to attach all of the nerves back in the arm. 3) The clean bite made it easier to attach the muscles and arteries. If they were ripped and torn‚ the reattachment would be extremely difficult. 4) The doctor had to trim the bone on each side of the
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considered a transmitter. These four steps include the synthesis of a transmitter substance‚ the storage and release of the substance‚ its interaction with a receptor in the membrane‚ and the removal of the transmitter form the synaptic cleft. The nervous system makes use of two types of neurotransmitters: small-molecule transmitters (acetylcholine‚ amines and A.A) and neuroactive transmitters(peptides) 2. Neurons have developed a sophisticated ability to regulate the synthesis‚ storage‚ release‚ and
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An adolescent brain needs proper nutrition in order to develop and grow. Too little or too much nutrients will affect the nervous system and could possibly delay cognitive development. Under nutrition can cause delay in cognitive growth and development. If the brain does not have the adequate vitamins‚ minerals and micronutrients it does not have the ability to grow brain tissues and conduct nerve impulses correctly. This could lead to inappropriate behaviors and social adaption as well as decreased
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perceptions‚ memories‚ reasoning‚ and biological activities. Define the cerebral cortex The layer of unmyelinated neurons (gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum. The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher functions of the nervous system‚ including voluntary muscle activity and learning‚ language‚ and memory. It is composed of neurons and axons. Define hemisphere as it relates to the brain The left side of the brain controls the functions of the right side of
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is threatening. It then signals to our body how to react. Studies hall all revealed that before anger affects any part of our body‚ it has to affect our brain first. The brain is our internal alarm system. It signals to the rest of our body when we are happy‚ sad‚ angry‚ in pain‚ etc. this alarm system within our brain triggers the release of adrenaline which causes us to heighten our awareness and responsiveness. This causes glucose to gush through our blood stream and muscles giving us the ability
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Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have marked for reattachment. Cardiovascular‚ Muscular‚ Skeletal‚ Nervous‚ and Integumentary 2. List the names of the specific structures that had to be reattached. The axillary arteries had to be reattached. Bicep and tricep muscle tissues and the humorous bone also had to be reattached. 3. What organ system was most likely not reattached? Explain. The nervous system‚ severed nerves cannot
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