different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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Cost Classifications and Estimation 2.0 Introduction Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that its precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however‚ cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to
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is not sure about the difference between cost accounting and a cost accounting system. Explain the difference to Joe. (b) What is an important feature of a cost accounting system? 2. (a) Distinguish between the two types of cost accounting systems. (b) May a company use both types of cost accounting systems? 3. What type of industry is likely to use a job order cost system? Give some examples. 4. What type of industry is likely to use a process cost system? Give some examples. 5. Your roommate
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Are you a leader‚ born or cultivated or both? How do you characterize your leadership traits based on the leadership profiles presented by Narayana Murthy and Rahul Khosla? Ans. For centuries there has been a debate about whether leaders must be born into their leadership capacities or whether leadership can be developed in all of us. Our beliefs about how people become leaders affect how we evaluate people’s leadership potential. Believing people are born leaders is likely to result in a focus
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For every theory there is a counter argument. What are the criticisms and arguments against Transformational Leadership? Identify the sources and clearly articulate the reasoning behind the criticisms. Adopt a position for or against Transformational Leadership and defend your position with argument Introduction This essay is based on the Transformational leadership theory and will be referred to as TL throughout this essay. This essay will look into criticisms and arguments against the theory
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[pic] LEADERSHIP AND MENTORING ASSIGNMENT (HRM2036-N) NAME: ALEXANDER AU TIAN ERN STUDENT ID: L1315896 MODULE LEADER: CATHERINE MCCAULEY-SMITH Executive Summary The aim of the module Leadership and Mentoring is to develop a student’s knowledge and understanding about leadership and preparation to undertake the role of mentor. This is because leading others and acting as a mentor provides insightful ways of developing self and others. Contemporary methods of
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Leadership This essay will analyze the topic of transformational leadership. The development of the transformational leadership theory will be illustrated in the beginning. Then‚ it will put emphasis on what kinds of behaviors good transformational leaders should have‚ and how they motivate their followers. At last‚ it is worth talking about the issue that why might someone resist following a transformational leader. This essay will demonstrate and clarify the discussion of transformational leadership
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What is Leadership? Essentially‚ "leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals" (Allen‚ 1998‚ A Definition of Leadership section). It is important to realize that just because an individual has authority within an organization‚ it does not mean he or she is necessarily a leader. Rather‚ only the managers‚ supervisors‚ etc. that learn to motivate those under them to achieve company goals without using that authority are true leaders (Allen‚ 1998). It
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Kwawu Anthony Kafui Leadership February 14 2013 Men may be created equal‚ free‚ rich‚ poor‚ intelligent or otherwise. From these many traits that we share‚ we draw strength‚ hope or ambition. But in all these desirable traits‚ there are always elements of weakness. Weaknesses which may cost us a great deal or spare us from life’s many machinations and snares. Being in a liberal arts college like ashesi‚ I spend most of my time coming to terms with my strengths and weakneses: usually unknowingly and
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