Chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of bonds. It is essential that we know what bonds are before we can understand any chemical reaction. To understand bonds‚ we will first describe several of their properties. The bond strength tells us how hard it is to break a bond. Bond lengths give us valuable structural information about the positions of the atomic nuclei. Bond dipoles inform us about the electron distribution around the two bonded atoms. From bond dipoles we may derive electronegativity
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Element: Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties. Atom: The smallest particles with unique chemical identities. Nucleus: Center of an atom (composed of protons and neutrons). Proton: Have a single positive charge (+1). Neutron: Have no charge. Electron: Tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass (-1)/determines chemical bonding properties of an atom. Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus. Atomic Mass: Approximate number of protons and neutrons
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In the first reaction‚ magnesium was burned to produce magnesium oxide. The reaction produced a bright light‚ which is evidence of a chemical change. The second reaction occurred as a result of solid magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid. The reaction produced heat and bubbles‚ both indications of a chemical change. A wood splint was used to determine that the gas produced was hydrogen gas‚ hence the other product is magnesium dichloride. In the third reaction‚ ammonium carbonate was heated to
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Chemical Periodicity ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT The experiment chemical periodicity shows the properties and reactions belonging to group IA‚ IIA‚ and IVA. Proper procedures and observations were done to determine the solubility‚ physical state‚ color‚ and appearance of the compounds namely Li2CO3‚ Na2CO3‚ K2CO3‚ CaCO3‚ and BaCO3. The results shows that Li2CO3‚ Na2CO3‚ K2CO3 were soluble in water‚ while MgCO3‚ CaCO3‚and BaCO3 were not soluble. All of these compounds
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical bonding
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Empirical Chemicals‚ LTD. (A): The Merseyside Project Is the proposed $7 million expenditure to renovate and rationalize the polypropylene production line at the Merseyside Plant to exploit opportunities and achieve increased production efficiency worth it? They are under pressure from investors to improve financial performance because Earnings per Share Have dropped from $12.75 in 1990 to $4.55 in 1991. Based on the four criterions that EC holds new projects to‚ I believe that this project
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The hypothesis If a chemical reaction occurs‚ then there will be indicators of a chemical change‚ was supported throughout this experiment. Throughout this experiment there were several reactions that took place‚ and an indicator of such chemical reactions could be seen throughout each one. The first piece of identifiable evidence was present in the first step‚ which was when copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide were combined. When stirred‚ a blue precipitate formed at the bottom of the test
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overseeing movement of all raw‚ intermediate‚ and finished materials throughout the company and if the depreciation cost is included in the analysis it would artificially inflate profit for that division. The Transport Division and Intermediate Chemicals Group also have its own vice presidents whose pay incentives are based on the performance of the division. In this case‚ if the cost of depreciation for the transport cars were included in the analysis it would inflate profitability and coincidentally
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Chemical Nomenclature refers to the naming systems used with chemical formulas. This worksheet focuses on the most basic chemicals and nomenclature systems. Please read the information concerning each problem set and then attempt the problems associated with that information. The simplest compounds contain just two elements. Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ is an example of a binary compound. Several other examples are listed below. Potassium bromide KBr Calcium bromide CaBr2 Lithium fluoride LiF
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changes are used to describe matter. A property is a trait of matter‚ when that sample of matter is in a fixed state. There are two different types of properties: physical properties and chemical properties. A change is something that alters the properties of a substance. There are two types of changes: chemical changes and physical changes. A physical property is a property that can be observed without changing the makeup (or composition) of a substance. Some examples of a physical properties
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