d) When you stand up‚ venous pooling occurs due to gravity where about 20% of the blood in the body pools in the lower limbs and does not return to the heart straight away therefore the amount of blood that is pumped around the body when you stand up decreases and the arterial blood pressure drops. Venous compliance is high and veins are able to easily expand with blood therefore most of the shift in blood volume occurs in the veins. Venous volume in the lower limbs becomes very high when standing
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Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement (PVFM) is a condition characterized by occasional attacks of breathing difficulty in which one’s vocal folds involuntarily adduct during inhalation and/or exhalation‚ and therefore restrict the airflow to and from the lungs (Mathers-Schmidt‚ 2001). It is also referred to as Vocal Cord Dysfunction and although it is not necessarily a voice disorder‚ voice disorders often co-occur with it. This paper will look to explore factors influencing the differential diagnosis
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1. Characteristics of the following: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – the client has intrusive thoughts of unrealistic obsessions and tries to control these thoughts with compulsive behaviors. · Clients who engage in constant ritualistic behaviors may have difficulty meeting self-care needs (i.e. personal hygiene‚ grooming‚ nutrition‚ fluid intake‚ elimination and sleep) · If rituals include constant handwashing or cleaning‚ skin damage and infection
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The Aging Musculoskeletal System The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move‚ by using the muscles and skeletal system. It consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones‚ usually by tendons. Bones mass or density is lost as people age‚ especially in women after menopause. The bone loses calcium and other minerals. Bone
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have to abide by. But it also gave me hope that we the educators have the right to make such access meaningful to handicapped children. Amber Tatro was born with spina bifida. “As a result‚ she suffers from orthopedic and speech impairments and a neurogenic bladder‚ which prevents her from emptying her bladder voluntarily. Consequently‚ she must be catheterized (CIC)‚ a procedure involving the insertion of a catheter into the urethra to drain the bladder‚ has been prescribed. The procedure is a simple
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disorders have been screened as candidate genes for idiopathic PD (iPD) in hereditary cases. However‚ in the general population‚ it is likely that PD arises from both genetic and environmental factors (4). Parkinsonism is a condition observed in several neurogenic diseases and is a variable symptom of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS; OMIM # 300623)‚ a late-onset disorder caused by premutation (PM) alleles in the FMR1 gene (5)‚(6). FXTAS affects approximately 8–16% and nearly 40% of older
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does not cause brain damage‚ genetic damage or damage to the immune system. * Unlike alcohol‚ marijuana does not kill brain cells or induce violent behavior. * The medical cannabis has been harnessed to treat nausea‚ vomiting‚ insomnia‚ neurogenic pain‚ asthma‚ cancers‚ glaucoma‚ alcohol abuse‚ Alzheimer’s disease‚ epilepsy‚ arthritis and the list becomes endless with the vast amount of diseases that are known to mankind. B) Money and innocent lives wasted because of the misinterpretation
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Chapter 31: Nursing Management: Hematologic Problems Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A 62-year old man with chronic anemia is experiencing increased fatigue and occasional palpitations at rest. The nurse would expect the patient’s laboratory findings to include a. a hematocrit (Hct) of 38%. b. an RBC count of 4‚500‚000/µL. c. normal red blood cell (RBC) indices. d. a hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.6 g/dL (86 g/L). ANS: D The patient’s clinical manifestations indicate moderate anemia‚ which is consistent with
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Pernicious Anemia and its association to orthostatic hypertension Pernicious anemia is the major form of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is caused by serum antibodies against intrinsic factor which leads to B12 deficiency rather than by B12 deficiency itself. Absorption of vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor which is secreted by parietal cells. Pernicious anemia is marked by autoimmune attack on gastric mucosa and a loss in parietal cells. Approximately 75% of the affected patients have type I antibody
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Neurocore Diagnostics WHAT THE PATIENT CAN EXPECT A technician places electrodes‚ similar to EKG leads‚ to the patient’s legs or arms. Then a low intensity electric current is directed over the nerves that lead to those electrodes so that a computer can record and evaluate the consequent nerve impulse for velocity‚ onset and amplitude. Neuropathies are caused by damage to the nerves axon and/or damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve. If a response is slower than normal‚ damage
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