The common cause of congenital myasthenic syndromes is genetics‚ affecting the junction where the nerve triggers muscle activity. The inherited autosomal recessive gene exists in both parents‚ who pass the mutated gene to the offspring. The syndrome appears shortly after birth or early childhood. Severity ranges from minor to increasing concentrations of muscle weakness. There are over twenty different genes known to cause congenital myasthenic syndromes‚ as different as each individual. Sometimes
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This is a practice test for biology 101 test 2. You should also review all lectures and practice writing questions for each lecture set. You will also want to take advantage of the test banks under the “Lessons” tab in Angel. In addition to these sample questions and the test banks‚ you are advised to study the diagrams from all chapters and be able to label main structures. 1) The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) is: a) Digestion b) Support c) DNA isolation d)
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Anesthesia: Loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness (www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anesthesia Patients are anesthetized by giving them a paralytic (this blocks neuromuscular junctions). Then the patient is intubated. Once this is done they are given a anesthetic and amnesiac. A person can sense pain and be incapable of responding if they have anesthesia awareness. With this they can feel the pain but are incapable of responding. In the Sizemore case the anesthesiologist
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Human Physiology – Spring 2013 Chapter 12 Study Questions 1. Group 1 should become experts on the structure of a sarcomere. 2. Group 2 should become experts on the sliding filament theory. 3. Group 3 should become experts on the contractile cycle of skeletal muscle. 4. Group 4 should become experts on excitation-contraction coupling. 5. Group 5 should become experts on summation and tetanus. 6. Group 6 should become experts on smooth muscle contraction. 7. What are
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(eye) muscle. MG affects the immune system‚ but mostly it affects the process of muscle contraction and attacks the receptors. Many people who have MG live normal lives‚ but it takes time to get used to the symptoms. Discussion The Neuromuscular Disease Myasthenia Gravis (Mg) is an autoimmune disease that causes weakness to
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and the causative agent of botulism. Their exceptional toxicity is caused by the highly efficient inhibition of neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. High affinity binding of BoNTs is mediated by the simultaneous interaction with lipid embedded synaptic vesicle proteins and gangliosides the presynaptic membrane according to the well-established dual-receptor binding model. One peculiarity that is especially pronounced
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In this lab report I will be talking about exercise 3‚ the skeletal muscle lab. I will be going over the contraction of a frog’s gastrocnemius muscle. An overview of muscle contraction is based on the organization of the cytoskeletal proteins. The contraction is the shortening of a sarcomere‚ which is caused by the thick myosin filaments sliding past the thin actin filaments. The actual filaments aren’t getting shorter just sliding past each other. The contraction is caused by physical interaction
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receptors are ligand-activated ion channels that permit entry of ions when the central pore is open. According to Hofmeyer (2009)‚ receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases control many aspects of nervous system development. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction‚ regulation of synapse growth and maturation by the RPTP LAR depends on catalytic phosphatase activity and on the extracellular ligands syndecan and
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Synaptic Cleft Structure and Function Elizabeth Moreno Biochemistry at TMI Abstract A synaptic cleft is the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter—called also synaptic gap (Merriam-Webster) . This paper will utilize this simple definition in order to understand the synaptic cleft. Furthermore‚ we will explore the complex functions and the structure of the synaptic cleft. This will then allow for an in depth analysis
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Voiding dysfunction is a general term‚ used to describe circumstances where there is poor coordination between the bladder muscle and the urethra. This will result in incomplete relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles during voiding. Voiding dysfunction can manifest many symptoms‚ which include difficulty in emptying the bladder‚ slow‚ or weak urine stream‚ urinary urgency‚ urinary frequency or dribbling of urine‚ Voiding dysfunction is often described by symptoms such as frequency (urinating more
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