Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue - The nervous system includes all nervous tissue in the body -Neural tissue contains two types of cells: 1) neurons (10% of all neurons‚ conduct nerve impulses) 2) neuroglia (support neurons) -We have 100 billion neurons -Organs of the nervous system: brain‚ spinal cord‚ sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes‚ ears‚ etc.)‚ and nerves (connects the nervous system with other systems‚ bundle of neurons that relay information) -Functions of the nervous system: 1) sensory
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Cell body- cell’s life support center Dendrites-receive messages from other cells Axon-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons‚ muscles‚ or glands Neural impulse-electrical signal traveling down the axon Terminal branches-form junctions with other cells Myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses How a neuron fires-threshold:the minimal level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse. There is an all or none response‚ either the neuron
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Chapter 9 & 10 Short Answer and Critical Thinking CHAPTER 9 Short answer 15. Name and describe the four functional abilities of muscle that are the basis for muscle response. Contractibility- is the ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated. This ability sets muscle apart from other tissue types. Extensibility- is the ability to extend or stretch. Muscle cells shorten when contracting‚ but they can stretch even beyond their resting length‚ when relaxed. Elasticity-
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1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the first neurotransmitters to be discovered and Otto Loewi first described is as ‘vagus stuff’ as it is able to mimic the electrical stimulation of vagus nerve. Acetylcholine is produced by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase‚ using acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and dietary choline as substrates. Acetylcholine and the interaction with its target have played a critical role in the basic concepts of neurochemistry. Chemical
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Test 3 Chapter 51: 1‚ 2‚ 5‚ 7 1. Most of the metabolic energy needed by a bird for a long-distance migratory flight is stored as a. glycogen. b. fat. c. protein. d. carbohydrates. e. ATP. 2. Which statement about essential amino acids is true? a. They are not found in vegetarian diets. b. They are stored by the body until they are needed. c. Without them‚ one is undernourished. d. All animals require the same ones. e. Humans can acquire all of theirs by eating milk‚ eggs‚ and meat
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Tetanus is a disease that is now considered rare in developed countries such as the United States‚ however it is still an issue in underdeveloped countries. Clostridium tetani is the obligate anaerobic gram positive endospore that is responsible for the disease tetanus. Clostridium tetani spores are ubiquitous. They can be found in soil‚ animal feces and manure. Clostridium tetani spores can tolerate temperature of more than 100 degrees Celsius. Tetanus is the only disease that is vaccine preventable
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contraction‚ 0.05sec - peak - shortening of the muscle occur CD - relaxation period‚ 0.05 sec - Occurs when Ca+ is transported back in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Single muscle contraction= 100vib/sec (tuning fork)= 0.10 sec 10vib (result) Neuromuscular junction - formed when several branches of axons form a single muscle fiber - also called synapse - connection between a muscle fiber and nerve "All or none" law of muscle contraction - refers to the action potential that influences a muscular fiber
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Introduction Neurons (also known as neurons‚ nerve cells and nerve fibers) are electrically excitable and the most important cells in the nervous system that functions to process and transmit information. Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes extending out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons. One extension is different from all the others‚ and is called
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Physiology Chooljian Lecture Exam #3 Review FIRST: Be sure to: Study chapter objectives‚ summaries‚ and reviews Review your lecture notes ANS Define: denervation hypersensitivity‚ ganglia‚ mass activation‚ sympathoadrenal system‚ dual innervation. What are the two divisions of the ANS? Where are the neurons for each division located‚ and what is the major function of each division? What type of neurons (sensory or motor) are in the ANS? What are the names for the two
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Chapter 1 • Anatomy & Physiology • Gross anatomy – visible to naked eye • Microscopic • Developmental • Pathological anatomy • Radiographic anatomy • Molecular biology • Physiology • Focuses on cellular or molecular level • Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function • A&P are inseparable • Function reflects structure • Specific form • Levels of organization 1. Chemical level 2
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