have direct effect on NS Synaptic transmission Started out neuron centric until about 10 years ago Basically looked at how drugs affect neurons and what role neurons play in behaviors How neurons were communicating with other neurons or other cells in body All drugs changed what was happening at synapse Either mimic transmission or enhance it or decrease it All focused on neurons and their communication Psychopharm Not just neurons involved in communication Glial cells‚ astrocytes (enveloping
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COMMUNICATION 2-2: What are neurons‚ and how do they transmit information? Neurons are the basic components of the nervous system. The body uses these neurons in its electrochemical information system rather quickly. A neuron receives signals through its dendrites that are branched out‚ and sends those signals through its axons. Axons that transmit faster are encased in a myelin sheath. If the combined received signals exceed a minimum threshold‚ the neuron fires‚ and transmits an electrical
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(relays info to/from the CNS) - Autonomic Nervous System Nerve Tissue – neurons (nerve fibers) and specialized cells (Schwann‚ neuroglia) 1. Neuron cell body contains the nucleus; cell bodies are in the CNS or trunk; protected by bone 2. Axon carries impulses away from the cell body; dendrites carry impulses toward it 3. Schwann cells in PNS: - Layers of cell membrane form the myelin sheath to electrically insulate neurons - nodes of Ranvier: spaces between adjacent Schwann cells - Nuclei & cytoplasm
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Biology 21300 - Anatomy and Physiology Review Questions Homework Assignment Due on Day of Exam 3 - 2013 – Prior to taking Exam III Students must answer 20 of the questions listed below. All answers must be handwritten and turned in with Students Name‚ Class‚ Section Number and Date at the top of the page. 1. What are the three types of muscle tissue and the main differences between them. 2. Explain the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. 3. Define the resting membrane potential
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subfields in psychology studies how people’s thoughts‚ feelings‚ and actions are affected by others? Social physcology 12) Neurons are the basic elements of the nervous system and are involved in the control of behavior. 13) Dendrites are a cluster of fibers that look like twisted branches of a tree and they receive messages from other neurons. 14) Axons carry messages to other neurons from the dendrites. 15) The myelin sheath is a protective coating of fat and protein that wraps around the
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cartilage (the substance that lines the joints between bones and gives structure to the nose and the external ears). C) Nervous tissues consist of neurons and glial cells. Neurons are individual cells that generate and conduct electrical signals‚ or nerve impulses‚ around the body. Nervous tissues support the information-processing functions of neurons in various ways. D) Muscle Tissues account for most of the body mass of vertebrates. They consist of elongated cells that contract to generate forces
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Optogenetics Specific Aims Muscle disorders of the masticatory systems‚ or neuromuscular dysfunction‚ has two major symptoms: pain and dysfunction. Millions of people are impacted by muscle fatigue‚ muscle tightness‚ myalgia‚ spasms‚ headaches‚ and decrease range of motion each year because of this disorder [1]. Over the years‚ scientists have used many treatments to try to cure these muscle disorders‚ such as‚ drug therapies‚ physical and occupational therapies‚ surgery‚ and electrical stimulation
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Chapter Five – Learning Learning – a relatively permanent change in behaviour (or behaviour potential) due to experience. Behaviours not dependent on learning Reflex action – a simple‚ automatic‚ involuntary response to a specific stimulus that comes directly from the nervous system and is basically the same each time it occurs. Fixed action pattern (FAP) – the innate predisposition – essentially identical among most members of a species – to behave in a certain way in response to a specific
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ANS? A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles B) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head‚ body wall‚ and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision‚ hearing‚ taste‚ and smell to the CNS C) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle‚ cardiac muscle‚ and glands D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract 5) 6) An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to
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NEURONAL DIVERSITY - Categories of neurons of CNS: 1. Afferent/ sensory neurons – convey information from periphery to CNS 2. Motor- sends commands to muscles and glands 3. Interneurons – most abundant signalling elements in the CNS ( process information locally or convey information from one region of CNS to another • Types: a. Local interneurons/ internuncial neurons/ local circuit neurons – short axon Golgi type II (greatly outnumber type I in CNS)
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