1. Approximately how many neurons are there in the brain? about 100 billion 2. What is a neuron? It is a nerve cell that sends and receives electrical signals over long distances within the body 2b. be able to label its parts. Parts of a neuron. A neuron has three basic parts‚ the cell body‚ the axon‚ and the dendrites. A thin nerve membrane surrounds the entire cell 3. How fast do neurons travel? Neurons don’t travel‚ the impulses
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The basal lamina of the cerebral microvasculature is in close connection to astrocytes and neurons that regulate the surrounding microcirculation‚ hence it is termed intrinsic innervation. Intrinsic afferents originate from subcortical neurons‚ such as the basal forebrain‚ the raphe nucleus‚ locus coreuleus or local cortical interneurons [63‚ 64]; however this type of innervation targets mainly astrocytes rather than
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transmission. The synapse is the small gap separating two neurons‚ the presynaptic neuron (neuron that carries the impulse to the synapse‚) and postsynaptic neuron (neuron that carries the impulse away from the synapse.) It separates the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron from the postsynaptic neuron. The synapse is made of three major parts: a presynaptic neuron‚ a postsynaptic neuron‚ and a synaptic cleft. The presynaptic neuron contains the neurotransmitters‚ mitochondria‚ endoplasmic reticulum
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other cells. Made of separate cells Neurons: cells that are specialized to quickly respond to signals and to quickly send signals of their own • have outer membrane • cell body -> contains nucleus • mitochondria -> turn oxygen and glucose into energy Glial cells: help neurons communicate by directing their growth‚ stable chemical environment providing energy‚ help restore damage + hold neurons together. • Synthesize similar proteins as bacteria Neuron communicate efficiently because -> •
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Chapter 12: Neural Tissue - An Introduction to the Nervous System Learning Outcomes 12-1 Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system. 12-2 Sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron‚ describe the functions of each component‚ and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function. 12-3 Describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. 12-4 Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained. 12-5 Describe the events
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nervous system is one of the foundations of neurotechnology. However‚ the use of electrical currents to stimulate the nervous system presents several challenges. It is difficult to achieve selective stimulation of only the targeted neurons without activating neighboring neurons. Further‚ electrochemical reactions at the electrode-tissue interface may lead to electrode dissolution or tissue damage. As an alternative‚ magnetic stimulation can be used to stimulate non-invasively. However‚ the power requirements
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5. SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC What are some things that happen when you get scared? When you have just had a big meal? 6. Draw the Graphic Organizer for the nervous system 7. ANATOMY OF A NEURON with a MYELIN SHEATH [pic] |Nerve Part |Function / Description | |SOMA (cell body) |
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They cause smooth muscle contractility and inhibit neurotransmitters from being released from the pre-synaptic neurons. They prevent norepinephrine from being released from adrenergic neurons and acetylcholine from being released from cholinergic neurons. On pancreatic beta cells‚ they hinder insulin from being released. Beta 1 receptors are known as ADRB1‚ which is a G-protein coupled receptor‚ associated with the heterotrimeric
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of synaptic changes. At a neurobiological level‚ learning is “created” by the interconnectedness between neurons (synapses). Hebb proposed that if the postsynaptic neuron fired while the presynaptic terminal was releasing neurotransmitter (NT)‚ the presynaptic neuron would be more likely to influence the postsynaptic neuron on subsequent occasions‚ i.e. when previously unassociated neurons fire simultaneously on repeated occasions‚ new links are formed which increase synaptic efficiency (Hebbian
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Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology. 2. Describe the structure of a neuron‚ and explain how neural impulses are generated. 3. Describe how nerve cells communicate‚ and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on human behavior. 4. Identify the major divisions of the nervous system and describe their functions‚ noting the three types of neurons that transmit information through the system. 5. Contrast the simplicity of the neural pathways
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