RESTING POTENTIAL Resting potential is the membrane potential when a neuron is not conducting any electrical impulse or signal. The resting potential is around -75 mV. During resting potential‚ the inside of the axon is negative GRADED POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL Action potential is a fleeting reversal of the membrane potential‚ caused by changes in permeability of the plasma membrane of neuron to potassium and sodium ions causing an electrical impulse to be transmitted along the axon.
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brain is still getting ready for full function. For the first three years after birth the brain’s job is to make connections with neurons. These networks can be made when impulses are sent and received by neurons. The axon delivers messages and the dendrite collects them. These links form what is called a synapses. During the first three years of birth the number of neurons stay the same while the number of synapses grow. From birth to the age of three the brain creates more synapses than it needs.
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What are the three (3) types of brain tissue? ~Gray matter‚ white matter‚ and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2. List the two (2) neurodegenerative disorders that destroy cell bodies. ~Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s 3. What does the cell body do for the neuron? ~Performs basic command functions 4. Why does “cerebral cortex” mean “bark of the brain”? ~The nerve cell bodies are highly concentrated on the surface of the brain‚ causing it to look like tree bark 5. What does “subcortical” literally mean
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fibers‚ ganglion cells (sensory and effectors neurons)‚ and interneurons richly interconnected by reflex arcs located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and directed to innervate smooth muscle cells. The effector neurons of the myenteric plexus may be excitatory or inhibitory according to the substances released in contact with smooth muscle cells. Excitatory neurons release acetylcholine‚ substance P‚ and other tachykinins‚ while inhibitory neurons release vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric
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Front this divison of the peripheral nervous system includes the neurons found along the GI tract Back enteric nervous system Front name for a group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS Back nucleus Front name for a group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS Back ganglia Front these ions are cross the neuron cell membrane during a hyperpolarization Back Cl- K+ Page 1 Front Back these gates respond to chemical stimuli such as nerutransmitters
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Potassium ion channels and potassium ions Page 1. Introduction • Neurons communicate over long distances by generating and sending an electrical signal called a nerve impulse‚ or action potential. Page 2. Goals • To understand that rapid changes in permeability of the neuronal membrane produce the action potential. • To recognize
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cell body to other neurons. Dendrite: short‚ highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body of a neuron. Central nervous system (CNS): the division of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord. Sensory neurons/afferent neurons: send information from sensory receptors (in the eyes‚ ears‚ nose‚ tongue‚ and skin) TO the central nervous system.
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Reflexes Laboratory Activity (12 points) 1. Amy has numbness of her pinky‚ ring finger‚ and medial surface of her right arm. After neurological testing‚ it is determined that she has a compressed spinal nerve on the right side. a. Which spinal nerve (what level) is affected? The level is C5-T1 cervical nerves. The specific spinal nerve would belong to the brachial plexus‚ the ulnar nerve. b. How did you determine/decide it was this level? The ulnar nerve branches off of the medial cord‚ which is
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beta-amyloid peptide‚ a hard‚ waxy deposit that results from the break down of the protein amyloid. Another characteristic of the brain is neurofibrillary tangle within neurons. There is also loss of neurons and the synapses connecting them throughout the neocortex. Scientist thinks that the plaques and build up cause the neurons to shrink and eventually die. Synapses are the spaces between nerve cells where information passes from one cell to another. Scientist isn’t sure if the build up of the
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HOW DOES THE STRUCTURE OF NEURONES REFLECT THEIR FUNCTION The neuron or nerve cell is the structural unit of the nervous system. It is able to transmit messages between the central nervous system (CNS) and all parts of the body. There are two basic types of neuron namely - the sensory neuron (afferent) and the motor neuron (efferent) (Bear et al.‚ 3rd edition). The sensory neurons (Fig. 1-1) are capable of transmitting the sensation of pain and consist of three major portions which are the dendritic
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