Spring 2014 Using the Figure‚ match the following: 1) Innervates the superior oblique muscle. 2) Longest cranial nerve. 3) Damage to this nerve would cause dizziness‚ nausea‚ and loss of balance. 4) Involved in movement of the digestive tract. 5) Damage to this nerve would cause difficulty in speech and swallowing‚ but no effect on visceral organs. 6) Damage to this nerve would keep the eye from rotating inferolaterally. Using the Figure‚ identify the following components of the reflex arc:
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Human Biology 3A Notes CHAPTER 4: Chemical Messengers Homeostasis: the maintenance of a constant internal environment Homeostasis ensures that the fluid environment of the cells: • Contains the optimum concentration of nutrients‚ ions‚ gases and water • Stays at a constant temperature – the optimum temperature for normal cell functioning • Is maintained at the optimum pressure Feedback system: Negative feedback system: Negative feedback: Positive feedback: A situation where the response toa
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through the microscope of the neuron‚ the ox spinal cord smear‚ and the teased myelinated nerve. Please describe what you observed on each slide. Questions A. What is the function of a neuron? To carry and transmit electrical impulses generated by both internal and external stimuli. B. What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? Nerves are organizes bundles of nervous system cells. These bundles are assigned specific areas of
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SYLLABUS BIO 135-Z1 & BIO 135-01 BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FALL 2013 INSTRUCTOR: Brenda Bennett‚ MS‚ MT ASCP) OFFICE: AS 107 PHONE: OFFICE: (270) 831-9714 E-MAIL: brenda.bennett@kctcs.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION: Basic Anatomy and Physiology is designed to provide knowledge of the structure and function of the human body with an emphasis on normalcy. The course includes interaction of all body systems in maintaining homeostasis and promotes an understanding
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each other by way of electrical nerve impulses. The cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct impulses are called neurons or nerve cells. These cells have three principal parts: the dendrites‚ the cell body‚ and one axon. The main part of the cell‚ the part that carries on the general functions‚ is the cell body. Dendrites are extensions‚ or processes‚ of the cytoplasm that carry impulses to the cell body. An extension or process called an axon carries impulses away from the cell
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usually reproduce themselves‚ in every other organ of the human body there is a continual turnover of cells‚ some very rapidly replace in hours. The function of the neuron is to transmit impulses from their origin to their destination i.e. to the muscle that controls movements of the legs and cardiac function. The nerve fibres of a neuron are not actually joined together but have a minute gap called synapse and this transmit from one neuron to another and again to the central nervous system which is
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Balance 2. Process of Sensation c. Stimulation of a sensory receptor d. Transduction of the stimulus e. Generation of nerve impulses iii. First-order neurons: from PNS to CNS f. Integration of sensory input 3. Sensory Receptors g. Types iv. Free Nerve Endings: bare dendrites v. Encapsulated Nerve Endings: pressure‚ vibration‚ some touch vi. Separate Cells: specialized 1. Hair cells for hearing and equilibrium
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At rest‚ a nerve cell maintains a difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane. This difference in charge is continued by three factors. Firstly‚ in the cell membrane‚ there are sodium potassium ‘pumps’ crossing the membrane which are proteins that bring 2 potassium ions into the cell‚ for every 3 sodium ions it pumps out. As well as this‚ there are protein channels which allow potassium ions in the cell to flow out via facilitated diffusion. Potassium diffuses out
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Alcoholic neuropathy defines the nerve disorder associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Nerve function is reduced‚ it is believed‚ by the toxins in alcohol and nutritional deficiencies. Normal symptoms for alcoholic neuropathy include lack of sensation‚ tingling‚ frail ankles and muscles and burning feet. Diarrhea‚ nausea/vomiting‚ constipation‚ incontinence of the bladder and impotence in men are some other symptoms. However‚ in severe cases of alcoholic neuropathy‚ major damage is done
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muscle contraction Introduction For a skeletal muscle fiber to contract‚ a stimulus must be applied to it. The stimulus is delivered by a nerve cell‚ or neuron. A neuron has a threadlike process called and axon that my run 91 cm or more to a muscle. A bundle of such fibers from man different neurons composes a nerve. A neuron that stimulates muscle tissue is called a motor neuron. The motor neuron branches into terminal structures called telodendria that come into close approximation with
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